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Punching control is the obligatory part of calculation of shallow reinforced concrete footings exposed to considerable concentrated forces through the columns. Complexity of the stress state in the footing supported by deformable bedding requires a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental research, in order to make correct conclusions and confirm the introduced theoretical propositions. In the paper, the fundamental concept of preparation of experimental tests that were carried out on the test samples – fo...

Since the geodetic control points are the base for all surveying tasks, the quality of these tasks will directly depend of the quality of geodetic control. The main two elements of geodetic network quality (accuracy) are its precision and reliability. There are different precision and reliability measures for the geodetic control. The positioning precision, as one of the most important component of geodetic network quality, has been expressed in various ways depending on the positioning method. The standards have ...

Sedimentation in water reservoirs is a serious problem observed throughout the world. Its reduction is critical to ensure sustained socio-economic development. Mangla reservoir, the largest earth filled reservoir in Pakistan, was completed in 1967 with a gross storage capacity of 7280x106m3. Over the years (1967-99), this dam has been plagued by a massive inflow of sediments resulting in a reduction of 19 \% of its total storage capacity. This led to not only a decreased water supply to the farming community but a...

In the given work statistical processing of the existing base of long-term historical data of the River Kura «Mtkvari» water quality parameters (some biogenic substances: nitrate NO3 and nitrite NO2 ions) for the period of 1980 – 1989 in some large settlements is carried out, in particular, above and below cities Borjomi, Gori, Tbilisi and Rustavi. Results for the small settlement Khertvisi located close to border with Turkey were also used as the representative data. There is offered the simple methodology of...

Long-term periodic measurements of content of radioactive gas – radon Rn-222 in tap water for different districts of Tbilisi city depending on time (during the period from January, 2009 till December, 2009) were carried out. It is shown, that according to the level of radon content in tap water the investigated districts can be divided conditionally into 2 groups: with rather big radon content – more than 1 Bq L-1 (ranged in the interval 2.15 ± 1.17 Bq L-1, districts Vake, Saburtalo, Ortachala), and districts...

There are presented results of periodic measurements of radioactive gas - radon content in sea, river and drinking water in resort zone Ureki-Shekvetili at the Black Sea coast of Georgia during the period from September, 2008 till October, 2009. It is shown, that the level of radon content ranges in interval 0.12 – 0.44 Bq/L in sea water, 0.15 - 0.58 Bq/L and 0.13 – 0.59 Bq/L in river water for river Natanebi and river Supsa, accordingly, 7.9 – 14.0 Bq/L and 1.19 – 4.35 Bq/L in drinking tap and artesian wa...

The main goal of core analysis is to reduce uncertainty in reservoir evaluation by providing data representative of the reservoir at in-situ conditions. Core analysis has to be integrated with field and production data to minimize reservoir uncertainties that cannot be addressed with other data sources such as well logging, well testing or seismic. These requirements define the coring objectives, core handling and core analysis scheme. These objectives cannot be achieved by coring a single well. Coring program is ...

The paper treats aspects of revitalization and reconstruction of existing facilities – schools and kindergartens, in the context of sustainable development. The analysis of architectural opportunities is based on researching fund-building in Serbia, at first in Nis. Having in mind that existing facilities spend a great amount of energy in the phase of exploitation, the paper research the possibilities of rehabilitation schools and kindergartens in order to improve energy efficiency.

Foundries produce metal castings from ferrous or non-ferrous alloys and they operate in various locations around the world. A typical foundry workplace is composed of furnace area, pouring area, core making area, shaking out area and fettling area. The manufacturing process involves the melting of metal into a liquid, the pouring of molten metal into a cast, the removing of casting and the cleaning / finishing of the cast piece. Dusts arise almost in every of these steps of foundry processes. Solid waste streams f...

This paper presents the results obtained by utilization of pulverized coal fly ash both as raw mix component for Portland cement clinker and as admixture to cement type CEM II/B-V, too. The fly ash was analyzed from point of view of chemical, mineralogical and of radioactivity content. Two samples of raw mixes were prepared, one with raw materials as a reference sample consisting from limestone, clay, sand and pyrite cinder, and another with 10.14\% fly ash instead of clay. Raw mixes were ground at a fineness expr...

Nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) mining and smelting activities within Selebi Phikwe area, Botswana is suspected to be having negative impact on the biophysical environment; thereby influencing the health of residents of this growing urbanised settlement. This paper focuses on relating the biophysical environmental hazards emanating from mining activities to human health status of residents of the study area. Mineralogical analysis of samples of tailings dump, soils, and particulate air matter (PAM) were conducted. Concentra...

Pollution abatement of wastewaters coming from textile industry still remains a major concern for environmental risk, representing serious threats both for environment and human health. Among the modern techniques the microemulsification appears to be one of the most promising methods, being used in various processes such as separation, concentration, extraction, etc. This paper presents the application of two microemulsion systems: water/Brij 30/iso-propanol/pine oil and water/Brij 30/ethyl acetate in removal of ...

The presence of heavy metals in environmental factors remains among the most important concerns at national and international levels, while at the same time novel biomaterials usually derived from agricultural wastes are designed and tested for their removal below admitted limits. In this respect efficiency of biosorption of Hg2+ and Pb2+ on corn cobs have been studied for different working parameters: initial solution concentrations of heavy metals, particle size of biomass and temperature. The kinetic model for ...

This paper presents out researches in the area of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geovisualization. As one of the results, we will present a solution that consists of geodata styling document repository and editor. This solution is a part of a larger GIS interoperability platform – GeoNis. As a language used for creating geographic data styling documents, we have chosen Symbology Encoding (SE) language proposed by the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) organization. Integrated Symbology Encoding Edi...

This paper highlights several aspects regarding energetic and functional advantages of hydraulic transmissions based on adjustable volumetric machines, located in their primary and secondary sectors. To this end, numerical simulations were performed upon hypothetic hydraulic transmissions of primary or secondary adjustment, as well as numerical simulations and experimental research on MOOG radial piston pump type RKP-D. This servo pump, which can operate either in closed loop of flow or in closed loop of pressure,...

Calculations fluoride-calcium balance in mineral waters in the Southwest Transbaikalia are carried out.

Currently the Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA) is the leading method in investigating of chemical composition of new minerals, which can be detected as small accessories. The results of this method are required for registration of new minerals by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Minerals Names. Six new minerals were found in other rocks from Baikal region by scientists of Institute of Geochemistry. These morphology, chemical composition and paragenesis were studied with Microprobe JCXA-733, Jeol Ltd...

Returnable and non-returnable losses rise during melting and casting of molten metal. Non – returnable losses arise by melting and metallurgical treatment of molten metal as a back wash of evaporation, chemical reactions between molten metal and refractory lining, molten metal and air and between molten metal and refining additions. Value of these losses depends on the kind of alloy, on used furnace and charge quality. Except non-returnable losses, the returnable losses creates by melting. They represent a diffe...

The aim of the present research work is to investigate the possibility of adding a mixture of non-granulated blast furnace slag (NGBFS) and steel slag, two wastes resulting from metallurgical industry which underwent calcinations previously, in the raw meal for the production of Portland eco-cement clinker. For this purpose, the NGBFS and steel slag from ArcelorMitall Steel Galati were analyzed for chemical, mineralogical and heavy metals contents. Two samples of raw mixes were prepared, one with typically raw mat...

Energy demand and consumption is one of the key factors of a country’s level of development. They are not only related with economic development but also the dimension of security and environment should be taken into account. Hence, sustainability and resource diversity have overriding importance for the countries. Turkey has a considerably high level of renewable energy resources that can be a part of the total energy network in the country The optimum use of Turkey’s non-renewable and renewable resources sho...

In southwestern Sibovc specific working conditions during development of technological process of production make necessary the working criteria to define ergonomically, particularly from the aspect of harmful influentials which send to professional injuries and diseases at work. For this reason in this studies are presented monitoring of noise measurements in southwestern Sibovc also light and microclimate measurements in oils laboratory. In following except the negative effects of noise, lightening, temperature,...

In this study, simulation modelling of insulation layer (di), for residential buildings in 81 cities classified into four climatic regions in Turkey was. This stimulus model is constructed into Rule-Based Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Modelling (RBMTF) using input parameters (Uw, Te,Met, Te,TSE, Rwt, qTSE) and output parameter di described by RBMTF if-then rules. RBMTF has been designed using the MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox.

A number of scattering and diffraction problems concerning semi infinite wave guides have been solved by many authors and for many years. Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering and diffraction problems has been investigated extensively with regard to a number of scatterers which have physical and geometrical discontinuities. As is well-known, Sommerfeld introduced the exact solutions to the diffraction by a wedge by defining the idea of multiple-valued functions. His method is known as the Sommerf...

The side scan sonar is the main tool for deep marine archaeology research but is also equaled significant in mapping of underwater geophysical features. Ancient and modern shipwrecks can be located with the correct translation of sonar records in conjunction with visual inspection. During a short but difficult side scan sonar survey (for documentary film purposes) in searching for the shipwreck HERAKLION (without results), at the sea area north of Antimilos island (South Aegean Sea, Greece), we recorded two intere...

Today, many scientists are conducting studies on influences of natural and arranged environment on the human health and recovery. With regards this issue, they examined garden designs on healthcare institutions, such as hospitals treating particularly different groups of patients, hospice for elderly and rehabilitation centers where mentally and physically disabled people are treated. In this study, efforts were made to determine positive effects of healing gardens on psychological and physical health as well as s...

Surface and core sediment samples from the Iranian continental shelf of the Gulf of Oman have been studied using standard sedimentological techniques. Based on the grain size analysis of surface and core sediments, the silt fraction is the common sediment type in the Makran shelf. It ranges from 40\% up to 76\%. The amount of clay fraction varies from 19\% to 54\%. Sandy sediments appear in some cores up to 20\%. Mean content of organic matter and calcium carbonate in the sediments is around 1.75\% and 15.4\%, res...

The detailed modeling of sedimentary media (alluvial sediments, deltas, etc.) that form important aquifers is very complex for two reasons. The first is the intrinsic natural heterogeneity of the geological medium and the second is that the data management tools (manipulating geological and hydrogeological data) needed to implement them in the hydrogeological models are not developed enough. The paper presents a software platform containing methodologies and tools that facilitate the integration of the 3D geologic...

In this paper we report the experimental measurements of Vp-Vs on Triassic marble samples that are Mugla White and Aubergine from Mugla region. The measurements of P-S wave velocities were performed at room temperature and high confining pressure up to 300 MPa in a heard type pressure vessel at ETH Zurich using the pulse transmission technique on 26 mm diameter cores. The white Mugla marble was isotropic and displayed Vp of 6.86 km/s and Vs of 4.34 km/s at 300 MPa confining pressure. The Aubergine marble from Mugl...

Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are very useful tools for managing, checking, and organizing spatial information from many sources and of many types in thematic layers. One of the most important applications of geographical information system (GIS) is the site selection for various problems. The main purpose of this research is the selection of the best place for establishes the processing plant next to the one mineral deposit, which is located in Howe Hill in United Kingdom (UK), using of IDRISI software. T...

The properties of individual particles, rather than bulk aerosol characteristics, determine the environmental and health impact of the atmospheric pollutants. Single particles have been sampled during 30 fog episodes at the mount Milesovka (837 m a.s.l.) located in the industrially polluted area of north Bohemian brown coalfield. More than 2000 of these solid, water insoluble particles, collected from May 2006 till July 2007, have been analyzed by SEM-EDX and classified according to their shape, size and elemental...

The possibility to obtain new eco-compatible building materials by milling, pressing and direct sintering of secondary raw materials (SRM) derived from a physical/mechanical treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ashes is discussed. The chemical compositions and particle size distribution of used SRM press powders were evaluated using XRF analysis and by laser granulometer, respectively. The thermal and densification behaviours were studied by non-isothermal DTA-TG and dilatometric techniques...

The possibility to obtain a low cost petrurgical material by direct sintering of alkaline basaltic tuffs is demonstrated. The parent rock was milled for 10-15 min and the resulting powder was pressed at 100 MPa. The sintering and the phase formation in air and inert atmospheres were studied by dilatometry and DTA, respectively. The phase composition of obtained samples was evaluated by XRD whereas the stricture was highlighted in details by SEM. Some mechanical and thermal properties of the new materials were meas...

In Turkey, approximately 3840 ton/day marble waste originated from several marble producers. But only 20\% of this amount is evaluated in different usage areas. Therefore, waste site selection is an important issue to minimize negative effects of marble wastes in environment. The main aim of this study is to perform site selection process using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The Bucak District was selected for study area since there are many marble quarries through...

Optimized site selections for urban facilities and services could be mentioned as one of the most important factor in urban management. In this context, several factors influence on decision making for site selection that by considering each of them, management could optimize the usage of equipments by employing the standard criteria. In this study, with regard to different criteria in selecting appropriate waste storage locations, which reaches both economic-technical and environmental considerations, and by empl...

The aim of this essay to draw an outline of the effect of various types of intelligence , paying particular attention to the concept of so called “Emotional Intelligence” with a language teacher’s perspective. Throughout the essay it is aimed to create an awareness of different intelligence capacity of each individual learner in an ideal language teaching environment. While doing this literature on the area has been scanned and case studies have been performed on learners of various cultural and geographical...

Biotechnological solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate-bearing materials is now accepted as one of the most viable alternative to the traditional chemical methods. Many microorganisms are capable of solubilizing phosphates although this feature is mainly attributed to metabolites such organic acids. During the recent years, we have developed various biotechnological schemes of P-solubilization based on citric acid (Aspergillus niger, Yarrowia lipolytica), gluconic acid (Penicillium variabile), and oxalic...

The accumulation Mihoiesti was to ensure, primarily, the water in the area of mines Apuseni Mountains - Rosia Poieni use fall created to produce electricity and other uses of the river basin Aries. Waiving further develop water requirements for the operation of copper Rosia Poieni, imposed, as in the current situation, accumulation conducted to act as temporary accumulation over a period of time greater, with some implications for the function. Currently, the dam does not meet the conditions of safety in operation...

The study has been aimed at development of cheap sorbents of toxic heavy metals and radionuclides based on low rank, low energetic coals in combination with chitosan for use in treatment of both waste and drinking water and construction of active geochemical barriers. Sorbents based on lignite and naturally oxidized lignite (oxihumolite, leonardite) were prepared, both raw and impregnated with chitosan from its solution in oxalic acid. The sorbents were characterized by chemical and structural analyses. Their sorp...

The present study deals with the decolorization of C.I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) as a model contaminant from textile industry using sawdust as an adsorbent. The effects of initial AR88 concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and stirring rate were studied in a batch mode. The variation of pH from 3 to 10 showed no considerable change in decolorization rate. The desired conditions for decolorization of 84.46\% were obtained to be 20 min of contact time, stirring rate of 400 rpm with 30 g L-1 of adsorbent. Freun...

In this project there have been considered management opportunities of the explosion material in ways of work safety, the setting and affects of this material in case of its activation without our approval. Site safety of the explosive material, its potential energy, its activation and its force depend on time reaction. Displayed are thermodynamic diagrams as well as the exchange of potential energy into the suppression force and underground storage facilities dimensioning of the explosive material as well as the ...

We analyze long term series of mean monthly river runoff in the period 1931–2007 to characterize drought severity in 118 gauging stations across the Czech Republic. A threshold level method is employed using Q95 discharge as the threshold to identify periods during which the flow is below limit and thus considered as drought. We use both annual and monthly variable threshold. The drought parameters are the deficit volume and the duration. We observe the relation between deficit volume and the physical and geogra...

Extremely fast and dynamic changes in space require efficient and appropriate recordkeeping of these. Records of spatial data without a time component give insight into data at a current moment and in their current condition in the field or records. By adding the time component (4th dimension) to spatial data, an additional function of spatial database is enabled. Spatial database becomes a spatio-temporal database and it is possible to send queries to the base which result in a set of data at a certain time momen...

The paper presents the results of precise monitoring of the regime of groundwater at the territory of the Geophysical Observatory of IDG RAS "Mikhnevo". Variations of water level in the isolated aquifer depend on regime controlling factors that have episodic and stationary effects on the aquifer. Detecting and studying the reaction of groundwater to stationary lunisolar tides are of special interest. The tidal effect in variations of groundwater level can be considered as a probing signal for diagnostics of stress...

The mineral springs are deep but they cause spills near to the ground surface. In ancient times, buildings have been erected at the level of the spills, and water has been used for heating. Nowadays, the ground surface is some 12 m over the mineral water spills. The structures of the new metropolitan railway are 15-20 m under the ground surface which means that they have to pass through Pliocene clays soften by the mineral water. These specific geological conditions require a specific approach of underground const...

In this study, enhancement and stabilization of photoluminescence (PL) by porous silicon (PS) were investigated. The PS samples were metallized in solutions containing 3 mM NaNO3 metal salt using immersing plating method. The surface bond configuration of PS was monitored by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and it was found that the PS surface was oxidized after the metallization. The PL intensity increased after certain critical immersion times and PL spectrum shifted towards the high energy regi...

The article deals with electronic documents based on Universal Business Language (UBL) 2.0 standard in the frame of business processes aimed at logistic. The article firstly describes information flow between small and medium enterprises in B2B environment. Secondly the article is describing identification of set of business documents that small and medium enterprises in Slovakia use for information exchange in business transactions and analyses why customization and localization of UBL 2.0 business documents is r...

All European papers consider the efficiency and quality of education as a fundamental premise of social cohesion, economic growth and sustainable development in the transition towards a knowledge society. The major reform processes initiated by the government in higher education, decentralization and quality management, are fully compatible and convergent with the European direction of reform in order to achieve the fundamental objectives of the ’Lisbon Process’. Debt of any institution of the national educati...

Sedimentation of loess deposits in southern, southeastern and eastern Romanian Plain is a consequence of developments in Romanian Carpathian chain and the outer rigid platforms based on global climate changes, which have succeeded in the Quaternary period. The Loess deposition took place in at least two interglacial stages, the last one took place at the end of the upper Pleistocene, when is finalized, mostly the Romanian Plain relief. MostiЕџtea plain is situated at east of Bucharest; the area is bordered by rive...

Ornamental stone sawability is important in predicting the prime cost of production and planning of the stone quarries and factories. Ornamental stone sawability with two standard methods, wire and circular sawing, is dependent on many parameters including; the stone that be sawn and machine characteristics and saw operating characteristic. The investigation of these parameters and the determination of the optimum working conditions for sawing machines in the stone industry is significant for establishing the most...

Being located in mountain region, Rawa Danau Nature Reserve is the only one wetland area in the mountain region in Indonesis which formed very important component of its biophysical and physical environment. With the decreasing control of the local government and private agencies over the years, and rapid urban sprawl of the city, many of the water bodies have been totally lost. This has been converted to wet rice field cultivation and also expansion of illegal logging. One of our greatest environmental challenges...