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Nowadays effective grazing management plays a critical role in sustaining biodiversity, maintaining soil quality and protecting natural habitats, thereby supporting ecological balance. The present study aims to explore stocking density trends on livestock farms with different economic size in the Baltic States over the years 2004 - 2023 and contrast them with changes in the EU stocking density. Stocking density is measured in livestock units per hectare of forage utilized agricultural area and acts as a basic eval...

The reliability of adjustment results in geodetic networks is of critical importance for the investigation of geodynamic processes such as deformation and tectonic movements, where vertical displacements represent a key monitoring component. Precise levelling remains the fundamental technique for such observations. Recent studies indicate that the adjustment of all possible combinations of measurements can yield more accurate and reliable results compared to the classical least squares adjustment of levelling netw...

In the process of establishing the National Leveling Network (NLN), the individual cycles are associated with the use of different technologies, instruments, and methods for data structuring and processing. The study focuses on the territory of Bulgaria, where in the last three leveling cycles, various methodological and technological approaches for data organization, processing, and analysis have been applied. In this context, taking into consideration the large volume of accumulated data from the different reali...

Developing processes with minimal environmental impact is essential for the production of the important intermediates and final products. Present study explores the green and low-cost synthesis of new halogenated derivatives of 1-aminoanthraquinone under catalyst free conditions at room temperature. These derivatives find wide practical application due to their unique properties. Numerous studies on the preparation of new derivatives have been devoted to the development of industrial dyes and pigments. These compo...

Background: Climate-related variability increasingly affects the stability and economic sustainability of agricultural production, particularly in grain-producing regions where weather conditions during key phenological stages strongly influence production outcomes. This study addresses the need for an applicable regional model that connects meteorological pressure with economic interpretation in the context of sustainable development. Methods: A key performance indicator-based economic model was developed using d...

The application of C-band InSAR techniques over densely vegetated areas faces critical limitations due to rapid temporal decorrelation, which requires the deployment of corner reflectors (CR) to ensure stable control points. In this context, traditional site selection criteria are often empirical and tend to overlook the spatiotemporal variability of interferometric coherence. In this study, a multicriteria methodology based on a spatial decision-making framework is proposed to optimize the selection of corner ref...

This paper examines the applicability of machine learning techniques to spatial data modeling and identification of urban patterns using a limited set of demographic and geographic indicators. Drawing on sector-level data for Bucharest from the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, the analysis uses surface area, population, population density, and distance to the city center computed as Euclidean distance between sector centroids and a defined central reference point as variables. The dataset is processed ...

Cadastral maps play an important role in the land administration system (LAS), enhancing the certainty and security of legal proceedings. Under ideal conditions, the content of cadastral maps should accurately reflect the “actual state” (in the field) and the “legal state” (as per legal documents) and correspond with the written component of the LAS. This article analyzes the depiction of watercourses and water bodies in cadastral maps. Their content, level of detail, and method of cartographic interpretat...

The maintenance of a modern vertical reference system in Bulgaria, aligned with the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS) standards, is directly dependent on the precise knowledge of the Earth's gravity field. The research presented in this paper is motivated by the 5th cycle of the 1st order National Leveling Network (NLN) re-measurement, initiated in 2021, which involves complex observations across 55 leveling lines. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the extent to which existing gravity reso...

The paper presents the results of investigations on the in-service behavior of concrete structures used in fruit and vegetable processing facilities, where environmental conditions are characterized by high chemical and biological aggressiveness. In such environments, concrete surfaces are continuously or periodically exposed to liquid media containing organic acids and microorganisms, as well as to significant variations in temperature and humidity. These factors lead to accelerated degradation processes, manifes...