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The original method for the assessment of risk of geodynamic processes in mountain areas was developed. The proposed indices are as follows: relief structural stages, degree of tectonic break, stru ctural intersection nodes of faults, tectonic valleys, the intensity of slope processes, permafrost f eatures, and landscape differentiation of the territory. The geodynamic indices were estimated with factor maps of the GIS-project using the analysis of morphotectonic block structure, and the field geomorphological and...

The Maastrichtian aged Dikmendede Formation in the Orhaniye (Kazan-Ankara) area formed in a deep-marine environment. The formation consists of alternating green, grey-coloured turbiditic conglomerate, sands tone, shale, claystone and marl. The unit has typical flysch features and has sediment ary structures such as thin/thick bedding, normal graded bedding, erosional surfaces, flut e casts, load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, bounce marks, slump structur es and numerous biogenic traces. The conglomerates ...

Sedimentary analysis was based on formati ons of inferior Molasse which belong to Burdigalian and Badenian, being performed in representative natu ral claddings from Prahova, Romanian area. Complete successions of Variegated Formation and Globigerina – bearing Tuffs and Marls Formation may be followed in V. Mare – Alunis and Slanic–Piatra Verde Quarry (Prahova). The Variegated Formation is mostly ruditic– arenitic at its base, grading into a silty–lutitic sequence at the top. It mainly consists of conglo...

The most recent glacial period span in the interval 110,000 to 10,000 years ago. Recent geomorphologic studies in the Eastern Thracian plane have shown significant change in the sedimentation rates since the Younger Driass (between 10,800 and 9500 BC), which may provide a new inside on the climatic evol ution of the region. It was found that all local rivers are in an aggradation phase, depositing up to 3 m thick mudstone deposits on top of a colder climate’s well-washed, coarse sandstones. The aggradation resul...

In this paper the results of sedimentological analysis of coal in 2010 at the lokality Petka (western coal basin Kostolac). Are presented variations of petrographic composition of coal matter (lithotypes, microlithotypes and macerals), mineral admixtures (clay, aleurite and marl) and locally occurring epigenetic mineralizations. The Kostolac Neogene Basin (Figure 1), cont aining three tick lignite beds of Pontian age[1] is one of important energetic resources of Serbia and is the bases for operating two lignite-fi...

The Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone repr esents the relicts of the Late Mesozoic- Early Cenozoic Neotethyan Ocean in N Turkey. This suture zone marks the boundary of amalgamated S Eurasian and N Gondwanan continents and is characterised by the presence of ophiolitic melanges and ophiolite s. Two different ophiolitic melanges may be distinguished in this zone based on their metamorphic grade. Unmetamorphosed melanges are widespread along the suture zone whereas metamorphic melanges occur only at a structurally lo...

The new lab facility at the Ge ological Institute of the Bu lgarian Academy of Sciences was set up in the end of 2009. The main equipment consist a state of the art PerkinElmer ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS and New Wave Research UP-193FX excimer laser ablation system. Combined together, it is a precise instrument for geochemical research and geochronology. One of the leading research topics is quantitative determination of trace and ultra trace elements in rocks together w ith their age dating clar ification. We report our fi...

The submitted paper describes th e issues of interdeposit sa nd collector in the central part of the Most Basin in the area of J. Sverma and Vrsany open pit mines. Interdeposit sands are hydrogeologically significant collector and both mines come into contact with this collector during the coal mining. Collector of interdeposit sands is deposited between the upper bench and the main bench of coal seam. Sands create large and powerful complex of irregular layers. There are frequent changes of thickness and permeabi...

Dinarido-Albanido-Hellenic folded alpine belt is interpreted as a result of Mesozoic - Cenozoic convergence and continental collision of a series of micro-blocks localized between the Eurasian and African plates. The ophiolites of the Balkan Peninsula are particularly formed in the ocean basins wh ich were divided by micro-continents during the Mesozoic period and they are products of the Mesozoic - Cenozoic obduction. The Vardar Ophiolites from the region of Gjilan are covered by a chaotic sequence, well stratifi...

Every cyclic geological phenomenon may sugge st a structural image of the geological time. The dynamic cycles with very long periods can characterize the whole geological time, but especially the Precambrian. The cy cles with periods between 4 and 26 Ma are useful for the temporal individualization of th e Phanerozoic and the cycles with a short periods are very representative for Cenozoic. But the Earth’s geological history also provides a good perspective over the cosmic time through a super-mega-cycle (~2.56 ...

The aim of this paper is to show the possi bilities, how effective use GIS for modelling of mineral deposits, for example of brown coal deposit NovГЎky. The work results - seam base model and seam thickness model, ash content and heat value of coal presented in the ArcGIS are an example of a modern appr oach to the processing of geological data. The form of presentation offered by GIS allows much more efficient deposit data processing and provides greater op portunities for planning and optimization mining activit...

Geographical information systems (GIS) are commonly understood as information systems serving for effective saving, actualiz ing, manipulating, analyzing, modelling and presenting geographically oriented da ta. Treatment of geological information through GIS comes together with several problems. Right and effective analysis of complex system of surface and undersurface objects requires whole specific data gamut, which are typical for geological sphere. It is possible to solve questions connected with qualitative a...

This paper reports the results of electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) aimed at identification of the modes of gold and silver occurrence in loose sediments of lithochemical stream sediments (LSS) of the Dukat gold-silver deposit in northeastern Russia. Modes of occurrence of major ore elements Ag and Au have been investigated and their chemical composition has been identified. The EPMA technique has been elaborated to measure the composition of stream sediments (minerals) containing silver and gold using the...

Brief Development of tunnel would be partially through flotation tailing dump and partially through rock massif. Krivelj`s river stream would be regulated by new tunnel, because the old manifold could be destructed. Project No. 17004 (2008-2010) Ministry of Science and Technology Development explored all aspects of the environment in which the new tunnel is designed (primarily engineering-geological, hydrogeological and petrology features).

For all territory of Kosova during 1966 – 1982 were compiled geological map sheets at scale 1:100 000 and description texts. During 2005 – 2006 ICMM had projects on compiling Geological map at scale 1:200 000 and digitalization of geological map sheets at scale 1:100 000. Projects were realized by Beak Consultants GmbH and in close corporation with geology staff of ICMM. During map digitalization were observed some discrepancies between some map sheets. In order to verify exacts description, during 2005 were o...

In 2009 engineering geological zoning of the riparian area of the town of Ruse, including the Danubian bank, the low floodplain terrace, the loess slope and the terraces T3,4, was carried out by the Geotechnical Research Station. The ports, the park, the Sextaginta Prista Roman fortress, the central urban part with impressive architectural ensembles and part of the West Industrial Zone are found in this area. The investigations were conducted within the frame of a contract with the Ruse municipality. Since the ori...

Investigations of explosive consolidation technology of nano sized Al, ultra-disperse Ni and Ti powder compositions are discussed. The mixtures of ultra-disperse Ti (Ni) - nano sized (<50nm) Al powder compositions were consolidated to full or near-full density by explosive-compaction technology. The emulsion and ammonium nitride based industrial explosives were used for generation of shock waves. To form ultra-fine grained NiAl and TiAl intermetallides with different compositions, ultra-disperse Ni and Ti particle...

The general properties and distribution of low rank coal occurrences were investigated in Biga Peninsula, Turkey. Coal occurrences were alternated along with Tertiary clastic, volcanoclastic and continental units in the peninsula, one of the basic metallic and industrial mineral potential regions in Turkey. The collected twenty-six lignite samples from different beds were analyzed and evaluated. Proximate analyses contain to measure of moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon parameters. The parameters of ...

Continental intraplate magmatism commonly leads to formation of subvolcanic complexes, for which it is important to characterize their mantle sources. It is necessary to distinguish between the effects on the mantle signature of fractional crystallization and the assimilation processes during magma ascent and its residence in the crust before the final emplacement. Elucidation of these processes requires besides information on Sr and Nd isotopic ratios also detailed geochemical data, especially information on conc...

Ulukisla (Nigde/Turkey) evaporites that compose the study area are situated in Ulukisla Basin at the east of Nigde, South of Central Anatolia. The aim of the study is to investigate the geological, mineralogical and geochemical properties of the gypsum and anhydrites in Ulukisla Evaporites and to determine usage area of the evaporites as an industrial material. For this scope, 50 anhydrite and gypsum samples were collected systematically from the Ulukisla evaporites in 900 m thick area. By XRD (X - Ray Diffraction...

Reconstruction of climate change in Central Asia over the last millennium with an annual resolution was made using geochemical and biological proxy in lake bottom sediments and tree-ring data. We investigated the lake in Central Asia- Teletskoe (Altai), Kucherla (Altai), Baikal, Arahlei (Chita) - and adjacent areas. Cores of bottom sediments were investigated by method of scanning X-ray fluorescent analysis with synchrotron radiation with the spatial resolution of 0.1 mm. It corresponds to the time resolution 0.2-...

The greatest reserves of hydrocarbons on the territory of the Siberian platform confine to the Vendian terrigenous collectors. The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the lithological factors, influenced the formation of these reservoirs. The void space of the sandstones was examined on the basis of the detailed petrographic and electron microscopic studies. The analysis of dependencies of the filtration-capacity properties and the structural and material characteristics carried out. Established that the sedimen...

The native gold containing high silver, extracted from gold bulk of few kilograms, was comprehensively researched. The studied through the optical microscope gold samples seem homogeneous and their fineness varies from 200 to 500 ppm. The fineness deviates from the mean value about В±20-30 ppm, however zonation is not observed. When the gold samples were dissolved in nitric acid, only silver was released into solution and gold remained in the insoluble remainder as the spongy-porous skeleton, consisting of pure go...

Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits from the area of Piatra Craiului are part of the Piatra Craiului Formation [5] and are made up of deep facies appearing at the surface, especially on the western side of the massif. On the eastern side, these facies appear sporadically, thinned due to tectonic effects. Also, they may be accompanied aby lowdepth carbonatic facies corresponding to the shelf. Lithologically, it is possible to highlight microconglomerates, quartzitic gritstones, silts, reef limestone, brown-reddish l...

The mineralogical and technological study of gold ores and dressing products demonstrate the persistence of both the ores and products of their dressing, especially Floatation concentrates. The gold loss in the tails of Floatation beneficiation are primarily associated with the smallest size fractions less than 20 microns, which make up to 70\% of the total lost gold in the Floatation tails. It is obvious that increasing the extraction of gold by Floatation is directly linked to the development of the technologica...

Fold axial plane traces and schistosity in the high temperature-low pressure regime PreCambrian rocks in Arkansas River region preserve the effects of a succession of 5 FIA trends (foliation intersection or inflection axes in porphyroblasts). Similar fold axial plane trace measurements in high temperature-medium pressure regime Palaeozoic rocks in Vermont preserve the effects of only the youngest two NNW-SSE and NNESSW trending FIAs of the 5 sets that developed in this region. The other three have no equivalent fo...

Organic matter of lignites from five Tertiary deposits in the Czech Republic was studied and the general goal was to characterize a series of different coal lithotypes in relation to depositional environment from the viewpoint of organic petrology and geochemistry. Coal samples were chosen to cover various lithotypes: xylite rich coals, matrix coals, liptobioliths, and sapropelic coals. The samples differ in ash, sulphur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and volatile matter contents, and calorific values. Xylite rich and ...

Gouda Nature cheese maturation is the most difficult operation of the whole technological manufacturing process. This paper shall present some of the physical chemical modifications that occur during this kind of Gouda cheese maturation, and the value of these parameters at the end of the validity period.

We consider a model of viscosity $\eta$ of volcanic lavas. The equation, describes with high accuracy the existing experimental data on temperature and pressure dependence of viscosity of igneous materials. It is demonstrated that, the activation energy E(Tg) can be expressed through the glass transition temperature Tgo. The dependencies of the parameters of the viscosity equation are discussed for most of geoscientifically relevant systems. According to the model viscosity of lava depends on the depth inside the ...

Punching control is the obligatory part of calculation of shallow reinforced concrete footings exposed to considerable concentrated forces through the columns. Complexity of the stress state in the footing supported by deformable bedding requires a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental research, in order to make correct conclusions and confirm the introduced theoretical propositions. In the paper, the fundamental concept of preparation of experimental tests that were carried out on the test samples – fo...

A number of scattering and diffraction problems concerning semi infinite wave guides have been solved by many authors and for many years. Theoretical analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering and diffraction problems has been investigated extensively with regard to a number of scatterers which have physical and geometrical discontinuities. As is well-known, Sommerfeld introduced the exact solutions to the diffraction by a wedge by defining the idea of multiple-valued functions. His method is known as the Sommerf...

The detailed modeling of sedimentary media (alluvial sediments, deltas, etc.) that form important aquifers is very complex for two reasons. The first is the intrinsic natural heterogeneity of the geological medium and the second is that the data management tools (manipulating geological and hydrogeological data) needed to implement them in the hydrogeological models are not developed enough. The paper presents a software platform containing methodologies and tools that facilitate the integration of the 3D geologic...

In this paper we report the experimental measurements of Vp-Vs on Triassic marble samples that are Mugla White and Aubergine from Mugla region. The measurements of P-S wave velocities were performed at room temperature and high confining pressure up to 300 MPa in a heard type pressure vessel at ETH Zurich using the pulse transmission technique on 26 mm diameter cores. The white Mugla marble was isotropic and displayed Vp of 6.86 km/s and Vs of 4.34 km/s at 300 MPa confining pressure. The Aubergine marble from Mugl...

The possibility to obtain a low cost petrurgical material by direct sintering of alkaline basaltic tuffs is demonstrated. The parent rock was milled for 10-15 min and the resulting powder was pressed at 100 MPa. The sintering and the phase formation in air and inert atmospheres were studied by dilatometry and DTA, respectively. The phase composition of obtained samples was evaluated by XRD whereas the stricture was highlighted in details by SEM. Some mechanical and thermal properties of the new materials were meas...

The accumulation Mihoiesti was to ensure, primarily, the water in the area of mines Apuseni Mountains - Rosia Poieni use fall created to produce electricity and other uses of the river basin Aries. Waiving further develop water requirements for the operation of copper Rosia Poieni, imposed, as in the current situation, accumulation conducted to act as temporary accumulation over a period of time greater, with some implications for the function. Currently, the dam does not meet the conditions of safety in operation...

In this study, enhancement and stabilization of photoluminescence (PL) by porous silicon (PS) were investigated. The PS samples were metallized in solutions containing 3 mM NaNO3 metal salt using immersing plating method. The surface bond configuration of PS was monitored by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and it was found that the PS surface was oxidized after the metallization. The PL intensity increased after certain critical immersion times and PL spectrum shifted towards the high energy regi...

Sedimentation of loess deposits in southern, southeastern and eastern Romanian Plain is a consequence of developments in Romanian Carpathian chain and the outer rigid platforms based on global climate changes, which have succeeded in the Quaternary period. The Loess deposition took place in at least two interglacial stages, the last one took place at the end of the upper Pleistocene, when is finalized, mostly the Romanian Plain relief. MostiЕџtea plain is situated at east of Bucharest; the area is bordered by rive...

The Tekirova (Antalya) ophiolite is located at the southwestern part of the Antalya complex along the Tauride belt in southern Turkey. The Tekirova (Antalya) ophiolite pseudostratigraphy such as, in an ascending order: harzburgitic tectonites, ultramaficmafic cumulates, isotropic gabbros and sheeted dikes. Comagmatic volcanics rocks in the Tekirova ophiolite are not preserved and metamorphic sole rocks under the harzburgitic tectonites. Numerous isolated dikes, ranging in thickness from 5 cm to 10 m, intruded the ...

Heavy metals existing over a limit due to being used industrially or naturally found on rock, in underground water and soil effects ecological system and human life negatively. Researchers have developed different methods for the observation of these metals which influence ecological system and human life. The aim of this study is to explain the graded extraction method with an example which is one of the analysis methods used in the detection of ratio of heavy metals (sample: Al, Mn) that are found in Coastal San...

Turkey is located in a geographical region on a combination of different climatic conditions. Climatic conditions are controlled by temperature and humidity. In this study, the effect of climatic conditions on the uniaxial compressive strength of natural building stones were investigated by using 7 different types of rocks such as granite, limestone, travertine and tuff sampled from different parts of Turkey. First group of experimental studies was conducted to find out the frost resistance of some of the studied ...

Large Dams are a particularly important case of seismic risk assessment. On the one hand, the dams themselves have a high value, having implications for the whole economy, through the production of electricity, water supply systems for irrigation and flood prevention, etc. On the other hand, structural damage of a dam can lead to major disasters, the population exposure to effects caused by sudden floods. The situation in Romania is such a kind that should be given to the future safety of existing dams. The first ...

Economical conditions, Kosova after war, geological construction and also the perspectives of mineral exploration in the definite areas of Kosova has influenced that our territory to be of special importance for many researches that have arose interest to many companies whether international and local companies. Structurally, geology of Kosova is divided in two parts represented in East by Vardar area and in West by Sharr-Korab and Drino-Ivanjice area) of the one part and the other part of NNE – SSW direction be...

For a better definition of the Actual Climatic Optimum (the so called “global warming”) a detailed analysis of the Holocene climate is imperative. This paper broaches this analysis from the perspective of the “mini-glaciations” climatic cycle with a 1,000 yrs period which a series of authors took into consideration. The causes of these cycles are represented by periodical variations of the solar activity. But our analysis has covered a larger stratigraphical interval (23,000 yrs) including the W\"urm III s...

The Alanya unit consists of threeimbricate metamorphic nappes: These are Cambrian - Upper Permian aged The Mahmutlar group (the lower nappe), The Sugozu melange (middle nappe) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene), and Lower Cambrian - Middle-Upper Triassic aged The Yumrudag group (upper nappe). The pelitic and semipelitic schists of the Alanya unit are shale and wacke in origin. These received material from acidic and probably medium compositional volcanic arc granites and deposited on the active continental margin and pro...

An Investigation of explosive consolidation processes of W-Cu ultra-disperse and nano sized powder compositions are discussed. For theoretical calculations of the explosive loaded materials were used the hydrodynamic theory and experimental adiabatics of W and Cu. The stress-deformed state of the steel ampoule-containers was estimated using the solutions of elasticity theory. Copper tungsten (W-Cu) powder compositions were consolidated to full or near-full density by explosive-compaction technique. The industrial ...

The composite in Al matrix are the alloys with some refining elements like Ti, B, Sr, etc. need to know all the techniques used for refining the structure. That is why we describe the three techniques including the rapid cooling of the melting, the mechanical, the electromagnetic or the ultrasonically stirring of the melting and the adding of the sells or the pre-alloys in the melting.

In the Karacadag area (Central Anatolia, Turkiye), small volumes of mildly-alkaline lavas associated with large volumes of calcalkaline lavas crop out. 40Ar/39Ar age data indicate that the mildly-alkaline lavas were erupted during Early Miocene (ca. 18 Ma). The lavas are composed of alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite, and include olivine, ortho/clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, opaque and rare anorthoclase. The mildly-alkaline lavas have a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O = 1.5-3.2) and r...

Rodent fossils found in lignit establishments in Elbistan town in MaraЕџ city are described. Six species are identified: There are three Muridae: Apodemus dominans, Apodemus cf. atavus and Occitanomys sp. and one Arvicolidae: Promimomys cor, one Cricetidae: Cricetus lophidens, and one Gliridae: Myomimus sp. The Early Pliocene rodents samples of Elbistan are of Eastern Mediterranean character.

The metamafic rocks are represented by amphibolite, garnet-bearing amphibolite and amphibole-bearing schists, associated with a series of supracrustal metasediments in Pan-African basement of the Bitlis massif. The geochemical data of the samples propose different igneous protolithes varying from calcalkaline basalt to andezite. The samples can be classified as Group-1(low Zr) and Group-2 (high Zr), all displaying various enrichments in large ion lithophile (LIL) and light rare earth (LRE) elements and depletion i...