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The paper presents studies on the development of multifunctional modified clay mineral-base additives that are used for paint, coating, resin and other finishing building material applications to improve the durability of the finishing products by protecting it from degradation processes as abrasive influence, UV radiation, moisture and microbial influence. Such swelling clay mineral as montmorillonite (smectite) is selected for the development of hydrophobic and UV protectable additive because of its specific phy...

Cementation is one of the most effective, eco-friendly and economically advantageous techniques for removal of valuable and / or toxic metals from industrial wastewaters. Copper is among the most prevalent and valuable metal used in industry. The present study investigates an eco-friendly recovery method for the copper ions present in synthetic wastewater, by cementation, using scrap iron and no energy consumption. It was evaluated the impact on copper cementation yield, caused by the fallowing parameters: (a) ini...

High concentrations of ammonium, toxic organic compounds, pathogenic microflora make chicken manure one of the most toxic agricultural wastes. The use of chicken manure in plant growing is only possible after its treatment, e.g. by means of composting or anaerobic digestion. One of alternative ways of chicken manure treatment is its pyrolysis, as a result of which pyrolysis fuel and biochar are produced. The latter can be used as nontraditional organic fertilizer. However, the properties of biochar produced from c...

This article reveals the ecological and economic effectiveness of improvement of organization of enterprise. Each component of ecological and economic effect is represented taking time into account. The problems and current state of economic evaluation of natural and social enterprise capital are considered. The criteria of ecological and economic evaluation of enterprise activity are revealed considering the synergetic aspect. Generalized scheme of development of ecologically oriented enterprises is illustrated. ...

The distribution of manganese and zinc in virgin and arable chernozems located near technogenic objects of the mining enterprise was analyzed. Soil sampling was carried out from soil sections. The analysis of soil elemental composition was carried out by x-ray fluorescence method. Mathematical processing of the results included the use of standard software packages for statistical calculations. It was ascertained that Zn belongs to the elements of concentration and Mn ? to the elements of the dispersion. Exceeding...

Underground coal mining plays an important role in the Polish economy. It is particularly important in the Silesia region, where coal is called black gold. Hard coal mines are the only source of income for thousands of families living in this region, and coal is the basic raw material for the production of electricity and heat. However, the exploitation of coal is inseparable from the negative impact on the environment. The basic ecological problems of mining include: mining damage, areas degraded as a result of m...

Oil and gas exploration in Bulgaria has been mainly conducted in Northern Bulgaria. Up to 2500 boreholes have been drilled on the territory of the country so far with a depth of several hundred meters to more than 6000 m. During drilling, groundwater with different hydrochemical properties, often with high total dissolved solids (TDS) and contents of a number of elements, have been registered. After the completion of the drillings, many of them have not been liquidated, as in some of the boreholes artesian water o...

Czestochowa is a city located in the south of Poland. It is famous, first of all, for the Black-Madonna Monastery, to which many pilgrims come by foot every year. Not everyone knows that this is a city located on the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland, which is famous for its beautiful views and areas. The Unpland is willingly visited by many tourists who travel its tourist trails by car, on foot, by bike or even on horseback. Unfortunately, both local enterprises and residents are unaware of the impact they have on the Up...

The Cracow-Czestochowa Upland is famous for interesting views and natural places to spend free time with friends or members of family. Unfortunately, both industry and residents have a negative impact on this area. Recently, people's awareness has been slowly re-evaluating. People begin to understand the need to think about the natural environment, they finally know that they are not the only species on the Earth, they do not have a special right to use the environment's resources and have found that the state of ...

In Poland there are 12 millions of households. Many people from these households, thanks to the changing legal regulations, pro-ecological actions, started to understand that their way of living and running their houses can have an influence on the natural environment. They began to think and act in an ecological way. The ecological way of living does not mean a large-scale operations, such as installing solar panels, building an eco-friendly, passive house. Simple activities such as thoughtful shopping, segregati...

For most of us, a home is more than just a collection of different rooms. For people, the home serves as a shelter from adverse weather conditions and provides a sense of security. We spend most of our time there, have fun with the nearest family, learn, work, rise children, we sleep, eat meals, we care about cleanliness and hygiene. Our home should be furnished and conducted in accordance with ourselves and our family habits. Many issues related to the ecology begin to play a large role in the topic of housekeepi...

As it is well known, casting is a semi-fabrication process with a wide spread in many industrial sectors, especially in the automotive industry. In some cases, castings either have to be rehabilitated before obtaining the finished part, or in some cases some finite parts that are more stressed, after a certain number of hours of operation in a subassembly, will present an advanced wear condition, which will make the further operation of the respectively assembly impossible, this requiring the reconditioning again....

Studying physiological and biochemical mechanisms of wheat adaptation to ecological stresses considerable interest of scientists is attracted influence of low and high temperatures (a frost and a drought), heavy metals (HMs). Genotypes, such as facultative forms and germplasm of wild relatives, allow increasing ecological resistance of wheat. Collection material from 2014 - 2017 included 30 facultative lines from 8 wheat varieties and 15 introgressive forms received by trans-species hybridization of 6 varieties of...

This paper tackles the issue of the culture of ecological security and the ecological security sector, which both constitute a subfield of the culture of security and the culture of national security. The concept of sustained development provides important context for the issue. The dissemination on an individual, collective, and eventually global scale of a properly-cultivated ecological culture should allow for implementing changes in already existing policies regarding the exploration and utilisation of our pla...

A comparative study has been conducted on the ecological and biological parameters of the soil at the Rostov-on-Don Zoo. The objects of the research were the parts of the zoo with various conditions: the cages with different animals (hyenas, emus, cranes, peacocks and other birds, zebras, deer, camels and mountain sheep). Moreover, the influence of the recreational impact, caused by the visitors of the park, on the soil landscape has also been examined. The control part of the zoo for drawing the comparison was th...

Since 2016 in the Peoples? Friendship University of Russia (RUDN-University) is carried out a project on the environmental monitoring of campus. We consider the campus as a social significant territory: currently, the ?population? (staff and students) is over 8,000 but the technogenic pressure is constantly increasing from year to the year because of transport activity. At the moment, the information about acoustic pressure, soil, snow and air pollution has been gathered and processed. It allows to develop the sch...

With climate changes, fortified steep slopes on the road infrastructure are suddenly aggravated by the sudden change in temperature and the rapid melting of accumulated snow. Increased water quantities cause surface and underground flows that turn the slopes into running earth and falling rock fragments. The drained earth mass and the rocks not only break the road bed, but also create a real threat to the safety of people and vehicles. The report, based on an example from practice, discusses aspects of some techni...

Air transport is presented as the one of the major sectors contributing to global warming. According international reports air transport share of CO2 emissions is 2%. Overall impact to global warming is around 3%. While there is still insufficient scientific research into the impact of air transport on cloud formation from contrials, the impact of aviation on the climate caused by aviation emissions is already well-mapped. Noise pollution in airports is another significant problem. Companies try to limit noise by ...

This paper intends is to analyze and give a functioning overview of the national protection and competition development authorities in the Western Balkan countries. To explain how much these authorities are in compliance with EU rules and activities, to detail the implementation level of competition rules, to provide an overview how far these countries are in fulfilling their obligation based on Stabilisation and Association Agreement. Also, this paper intends to find the formula to build a strong and efficient Na...

This paper analyzes the presence of major employers in the core cities of bi-centric Hradec Kr?lov? ? Pardubice agglomeration which are the main sources of economic potential for the entire agglomeration area and important location in terms of GDP generation at national level. The presence of the different economically active entities also significantly influences the numbers of inhabitants not only residing in the agglomeration but also migrating there for work. Due to this facts both core cities face the issue o...

Evaluation of the profitability of investment projects in the oil industry have been the subject of numerous publications both international and Polish. Global primary energy consumption growth will undoubtedly cause difficulties in predicting changes of the price of crude oil and other energy sources. The strategy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has being implemented in Europe, would also affect the economic viability of enhanced hydrocarbon recovery methods of injecting CO2 into the oil deposit (CO2-...

The paper is focused on the issue of the economic evaluation of the revitalization of brownfields in the form of abandoned mining areas. The issue of the abandoned mining areas is in the Czech Republic the long-time social-economic problem, which it is necessary in the close future to solve in an appropriate way. There exist more possibilities, how the issue of brownfield can be solved, however not all possible solutions it is possible to consider as optimal from the whole society point of view. The main objective...

On the basis of structure and qualitative parameters of agricultural soils, there are only 23.4% non-profitable soils for the winter wheat growing in the total area of the Gemer Region. The same percentage for the corn maize growing is 78.7%, for the sugar beet growing 80.0 % and for winter rape growing 46.0% of the total agricultural soils area in the mentioned region. Generally, for the crop production, it can be stated, that without production subsidies, at the present economic situation there are 65.9% soils n...

The construction of a residence involves a comprehensive transposition of ideas into a well-designed project with numerous details, views, pictures, sections, material lists, hence leading to low implementation costs, with no mistakes, and with good ergonomics. However, the urbanistic constraints must be considered when designing a house, i.e.: the land minimum width on the street; the minimum area for which the building permit can be obtained; the minimum size of the construction to be built in relation to the la...

In recent years, the packaging market has become an important element of the economy of many countries. Its growing importance is associated with rapid industrial development, globalization, free transfer of goods and growing demand from consumers. Customer requirements affect the growing demand for more functional, colorful, light, flexible, ecological and environmentally safe packaging. Currently, the packaging has become an element that in many cases determines the demand for a given product. In particular, thi...

The problem of energetic effectiveness is one of the most important in the XXI century high-speed developing realities. Sources of electrical energy, both reparable and irreparable, are the objects of constitutional and energetic law. The creation of legal normatives and the possibility of optimization of these mechanisms in this sphere will be sufficient guarantee of providing ecological safety and ecosystem worldwide. During this research formally legal, historical, comparative methods, method of modelling and s...

Currently a sharp increase of carbon dioxide content in atmosphere of the Earth is one of the great environmental concerns. It could lead to negative (possibly catastrophic) changes of our planet climate. Experts attribute the rapid and significant increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the number of anticipated causes of this problem, as well as the continuing (also anthropogenic and significant) decrease in the natural storage capacities of this greenhouse gas in terrestrial ecosystems. The rate of increment...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of toxicity of river sediments near agricultural areas under cultivation. The evaluation of the acute toxicity of samples was carried out by contact test on earthworms of the genus Eisenia foetida. Neurotoxic potentiality of organophosphate pesticides present in the samples was assessed by measuring the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Sampling was from 9 watercourses in the north Moravian and the n...

The aim of this article is to analyze the current state of education and training of crisis management and civil protection workers in the Slovak Republic. Within the introduction part, we have discussed the role and activities of civil protection units, which is a significant component of the Integrated Rescue System in the Slovak Republic. The article also focuses on the analysis of the current state of civil protection units in crisis management. An important part is the analysis of education process of crisis ...

The preparation of competent specialists in higher educational institutions who have abilities for self-fulfillment and self-actualization in their professional activities and who are combining both personal and professional significant qualities is a strategic goal of the contemporary higher education. Today the problem of design and elaboration of the adaptive educational system is conditioned by the need to optimize and adjust the principles of traditional didactics to the challenges of contemporary information...

Mountainous Dagestan (Eastern Caucasus, Russia) is one of the world centers of terraced arable farming. Long history of agricultural development of the region led to significant changes in the soil forming conditions and resulted to increase in the volumes of the soil layer. As an example of the effects of terraced farming on the soils ballance, we investigated a set of agricultural terraces near the Jaba village (41.423614, 47.776390) in the Dagestan Republic of Russian Federation (Eastern Caucasus). The terraced...

Development of food products with high nutritional value is an actual concern for scientist and producers from food industry. Special attention is given to the development of food products for people who have an increased sensitivity to certain foods, like gluten intolerance, which can determine a disease called celiac disease. In this study it has been proposed to obtain a gluten-free product, destined people who suffer from celiac disease but also for children and others. In this study were obtained gluten-free ...

Development of food products with high nutritional value is an actual concern for scientist and producers from food industry. Special attention is given to the development of food products for people who have an increased sensitivity to certain foods, like gluten intolerance, which can determine a disease called celiac disease. In this study it has been proposed to obtain a gluten-free product, destined people who suffer from celiac disease but also for children and others. In this study were obtained gluten-free ...

In the recent years, the terrestrial landscape of Slovakia has been affected by extreme climate events. Unpredictable heavy torrential rains and local floods that are alternated by shorter or longer droughts are outward manifestations of the situation. According to the scenarios, in the future, climate change will affect the hydrological cycle, as well as water resources and it will have major consequences for the national economy. Slovakia is predominantly agricultural country (about 40%), affected by collectiviz...

Wastes from livestock farms contain significant amounts of antibacterial drugs and antibiotic?resistant genes. Due to weak adsorption in the animal's body, antibiotics are released into the environment in an unchanged form or as metabolites in the composition of manure. In addition to the antibacterial agents, the manure of treated animals contains antibiotic?resistant bacteria. The use of manure in untreated form as a soil fertilizer can lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance among soil microorganisms. Compo...

Wastes from livestock farms contain significant amounts of antibacterial drugs and antibiotic?resistant genes. Due to weak adsorption in the animal's body, antibiotics are released into the environment in an unchanged form or as metabolites in the composition of manure. In addition to the antibacterial agents, the manure of treated animals contains antibiotic?resistant bacteria. The use of manure in untreated form as a soil fertilizer can lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance among soil microorganisms. Compo...

The aim of the paper is to illuminate the problem of the influence of the building material's fuel source on selected fire parameters of enclosure fires. The course of the fire is influenced by various factors, and as the fire pattern in the enclosure differs from the course of fire in the open space, so are the factors influencing the course, temperature rise or fall. The development of a fire is the term under which we understand the gradual growth and development of the fire. Within the overall fire development...

The cement concrete road pavements we can characterized with sensitivity to temperature changing and after that linear deformation, stresses owing to temperature gradients also. In pavement design we have to consider the traffic load and temperature condition. Unsuitable connection of concrete slabs has in results failure of pavements. In article is description of cement concrete pavements behavior under temperature changing and alternative solutions of structures and measures in rehabilitation design.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the output of essential components from the Chaga fungus, depending on the growth conditions. The study compares the samples of Chaga mushroom grown in two different regions of Eurasia - Eastern Siberia and Western Belorussia. Classical method of extracting was used to get water extraction of Chaga; the method suggests that distilled water is poured into a flask with grind Chaga in a ratio of 1:6 and further put in a chamber for 5 hours at a constant temperature of 70В°...

This paper deals with the issue of the influence of the horizontal temperature gradient (horizontal refraction) on geodetic measurements of the horizontal direction. The topic of horizontal refraction has not yet been given much attention in research, especially because it is significantly less than the effect of vertical refraction in common geodetic practice. The article presents the mathematical modelling process by solving the differential equation of wave propagation in non-homogeneous atmosphere. On this bas...

Austenitic stainless steel biomedical grade type 316L, is the most used metallic biomaterials for biomedical applications due to their excellent corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility, low price, availability, easy processing and high strength. Due to these favorable combination of mechanical properties, satisfactory biocompatibility and relatively low cost, in comparison with other metallic biomaterials, 316L stainless steel has been successfully applied in medicine. In dentistry it is used in a variety of a...

The Road materials are exposed during the operation to the effects of traffic loads and climatic influences, in particular changes in air and humidity temperatures, which are reflected by cyclical changes in pavement and subsoil. Strain of different materials is very different its the same load and depend on its deformation properties. Strain of material and substance are generally characterized by deformation characteristics that are an important input for the calculation of stresses and deformation of the paveme...

It is obvious that the presence of microfractures in a porous medium increases its permeability. What is unclear is the magnitude of this effect, as it cannot be calculated directly. With the assumption that the fractures are small channels, it is possible to calculate the permeability of a fracture at a given state. In 2018 Pasztor proved that under laboratory conditions the flow will be laminar in the channels, hence the fracture density can be easily determined from simple laboratory measurements (with the ?per...

Studies were conducted in an intensive fruit-bearing apple orchard in the South of Russia in the Chechen Republic. Layout scheme - 3,75?1,5 m, the formation of trees - a slender spindle. The object of study were apple cultivars Renet Simirenko (control), Granny Smith, Florina (M9). The main soil cultivation (autumn plowing) was carried out once in 3-4 years by garden plows or plows-lushmen at a depth of 14-16 to 18-20 cm in row-spacing and 6-12 cm in the trenches. Cropping blocks in an intensive garden with dwarf ...

The fundamental element to be ensured during laboratory tests is the control of the boundary conditions in terms of stress, strain and drainage conditions. The determination of the effective stresses is inherently associated with full saturation of soil specimen, as it allows to apply the Terzaghi's principle of effective stress. This paper describes the influence of partial saturation of soil on shear strength and deformation properties obtained from laboratory tests. The use of back pressure method, as the most ...

Grapevine pruning is one of the most essential tools to ensure grapes quality and efficient yields of vineyards. Vine horticultural performance and leaf physiology of grapevine are influenced by viticultural practices. One of these practices is represented by pruning. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pruning system on leaf physiology and vine performance. Currently, viticulture as a sector of agriculture is a priority sector for national and European Union policies that receive suppor...

Grapevine pruning is one of the most essential tools to ensure grapes quality and efficient yields of vineyards. Vine horticultural performance and leaf physiology of grapevine are influenced by viticultural practices. One of these practices is represented by pruning. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pruning system on leaf physiology and vine performance. Currently, viticulture as a sector of agriculture is a priority sector for national and European Union policies that receive suppor...

This manuscript concentrates on the relationship between pellets quality, which is represented by the pellets physical properties, and the input composition of raw material. The main aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the raw material composition, which influences the pellets quality and the pellets quality indicators - physical properties of pellets. During the biomass densification also the raw material properties significantly influences the final solid biofuels quality. Therefore the ra...

Air injection technology, including high?pressure air injection and in-situ combustion, is an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It is widely accepted that, in an air injection process, the oxidation of crude oil plays an important role in the displacement mechanism in an in-situ combustion process. In recent years, thermal analysis techniques have become highly important tools for the investigation of crude oil combustion. Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) have been widely used to characterize the oxidatio...

Soil response is an important parameter that affects plant health and its resulting quality. It also affects the intake of chemical substances. These include not only nutrients but also e.g. heavy metals. It is well known that soil fertilization using organic matter, preferably manure, positively affects soil reaction. Manure can be enriched with various substances in order to increase its efficiency. However, this may mitigate the positive effects of manure on the soil or it may have a negative impact on soil pro...