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The history of digital terrain modelling started in the 50's. Digital terrain modelling is nowadays one of the basic ways of a terrain representation. The basic task of creating the digital terrain model (DTM) includes data collection, generation, visualization, interpretation and application. There can be various sources of data to generate DTM. The source data set is the basic element for the accuracy of the resulting model. There is also described a few series of tests on the accuracy of DEM source data. The co...

In additive manufacturing field are many technologies and devices which could be included in such area. Basic difference between conventional and additive manufacturing is the way how the surfaces of final part are created. In conventional subtractive manufacturing we have to remove material from block of raw material of semi-product to reach final shape. For additive manufacturing is typical that we adding material, mostly layer by layer to build final shape of model. Most common and available additive manufactur...

Testing of transmission parameters within data networks is necessary for evaluation of quality level of provided services guaranteed in SLA between provider and end user. The main aim of the article is to introduce recommendations ITU-T Y.1564 SAM and demonstrate measurement its own according to these recommendations. The article is focused on efficiency measurement of IP networks with comparison to QoS parameters from different network features, which use 100 megabyte and gigabyte Ethernet interface. For measurem...

Introducing new technical solutions into practice is inseparably connected with a number of problems. In addition to obvious concerns about the quality, reliability and effectiveness of the solution, there are also social problems. They are related to distrust of employees regarding new solutions and is caused by a limited knowledge about the introduced product which is related to employees' concerns that such a product may disturb the existing state of balance. Therefore, in the case of introducing a new solution...

The Republic of Kosovo is one of the newest states in the world. Separated from a former communist federation ? Yugoslavia and occupied for over a decade by Serbia, it turned out to be free after a systematic destruction and with great consequences in all respects, including the environment. And of course, being a new state, made Republic of Kosovo to inherit many problems, which were very difficult to solve, while the environmental issues did not even come into the agenda ever to be discussed. In other words, hav...

After the reopening of the ancient Roman mines of La Zarza and Tharsis by the French engineer Deligny, it was necessary to fall back on rudimentary means of transport by horses or using the river. However, when reaching higher production levels, it was necessary to resort to more efficient means. Thus, in addition to the execution of the new railway line that linked both mining operations with the dock-pier of Corrales, many railway stations, small stops and modest housing were carried out for those in charge of t...

Organization of the Access database of the Zletovo lead-zinc deposit Eastern Macedonia represents the first attempt of this paper authors to synthesize geological exploration data of this ore bearing locality in one professional database available for the interested parties. Ours experience in organization of similar databases for other metal deposits such are Bucim, Borov Dol, Kadiica, Sasa etc., gave us the necessary knowledge and experience to construct quality Access database for the Zletovo deposit. The Zleto...

Lignin as a by-product of chemical or biochemical processing of wood is usually burned to generate energy. However, its use as a source of chemicals and materials is considered more promising. Treatment of lignin with nitric acid is used in practice for its depolymerization. In our study, we investigated the treatment of Klason lignin with mixtures of concentrated nitric acid with dimethyl sulfoxide of various compositions. The effect of such treatments was evaluated by UV-Visible spectrophotometry of alkaline sol...

Krakow ? the former capital of Poland ? is situated on border Krakow-Silesian monocline and Carpathians Flysch separated by narrow zone of the Carpathian Foredeep. In the geological structure of Krakow, the Jurassic and Cretaceous are exposed on the surface sediments. The Neogene sediments fill the Vistula valley. For thousands of years the sacred and secular constructions have been built using Jurassic limestones coming from local quarries. These quarries were founded on fault ridges, from the early Middle Ages t...

In this paper, the principle of constructing an adaptive biomechanical model of the spine is described, which allows modeling damage to the spinal segments, spinal cord and nerve roots, as well as taking into account the perception and tolerability of pain. Adaptability of this model is achieved due to the possibility of introducing individual parameters of a particular segment (geometric dimensions and spatial coordinates of the elements (vertebra, intervertebral disc, nerve roots, spinal canal); modulus of elast...

In this paper, the principle of constructing an adaptive biomechanical model of the spine is described, which allows modeling damage to the spinal segments, spinal cord and nerve roots, as well as taking into account the perception and tolerability of pain. Adaptability of this model is achieved due to the possibility of introducing individual parameters of a particular segment (geometric dimensions and spatial coordinates of the elements (vertebra, intervertebral disc, nerve roots, spinal canal); modulus of elast...

The increase of transferred information amounts brings the need to create new automated systems for data recognition, classification and routing. It is impossible to solve such problems without modern machine learning technologies and artificial intelligence technologies. An algorithm that takes into account the linguistic and syntactic properties of documents, the characteristics of the subject area is formulated on the basis of the system approach to the analysis and decomposition of the task of document routing...

Cyanobacteria are the oldest prokaryotes with worldwide distribution. Some of them are able to produce secondary metabolites (including cyanotoxins), which can have different effects on the other phytoplankton species. It is speculated that production of cyanotoxins is an adaptation mechanism of the cyanobacteria to survive in diverse habitats inhibiting the growth of the competing aquatic biota. In certain environmental conditions, bloom forming cyanobacteria may exert rapidly their allelopathic potential and cha...

The main cause of excessive waste generations is irrational resource management. Waste collected on landfills can be used to a large extent as secondary raw materials, valued at several hundred million dollars. In material management, the use of raw materials and materials from recovery is more and more important. Many materials of mineral organic origin are returned to the production in the form of secondary raw materials. The utilization of waste means that in industrialized countries, the demand for materials i...

The main aim of the contribution is development the spatial structure analysis of the landscape on the basis of evaluation the classes of land cover and their extension in the model territory in two time horizons (1956, 2009) on the bases of GIS technologies with using superstructure software Patch Analyst for ArcView GIS and as well as using mathematical and statistical methods which is each other combined also with traditional geographic field research. These methods were complemented by the results of explorati...

The Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a set of XYZ coordinates of appropriately selected points of the terrain surface created as its digital representation and the algorithms enabling the reconstruction of its shape in a specific area. The quality of a DTM depends on several factors like precision, accuracy and reliability of the measurements. This study was conducted in order to develop and evaluate the method enabling the analysis of the accuracy of the DTM without field measurements. The research was carried out ...

This article was created as a result of research conducted within the master thesis. The purpose of the research was to analyze the accuracy of determining the actual position of the photographed points according to the calculated parameters. The accuracy of photos alignment was determined as parameters, which determine their external and internal orientation. In order to determine the location of the determined points, it was decided to follow the photogrammetric resection rule. In order to automate the measureme...

The modern historical geography plays an important part in the complex historical and geographical study of a region and creation of the techniques of the ecological and geographical assessment of its landscapes. The retrospective analysis of the evolution of the definition of the concept of the "ecological and geographical assessment" in the works of the leading Russian geographers showed the dependence of its treatment on the applied approaches, i.e. historical-landscape, comprehensive physical-geographical, soc...

The production of agricultural products in Russia is associated with complex natural and climatic conditions. Today up to 80% of the lands need irrigation. Therefore, the expansion of irrigated areas, improving the quality of their conditions, improving of the irrigation technologies and increasing of the production from the irrigated lands will allow not only to meet the needs of the country's population in agricultural products, but also to increase export of the country, to create of new jobs for the country po...

In this paper was studied areas affected by drought using Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). The analyze of drought was applied for Iasi county in areas where was notice vertical displacement. In this research, using Differential Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technique, was detected and mapped ground displacement. DInSAR is a powerful tool to detect and monitor ground deformation. Ia?i county is considered as study area in this research. For this paper was used Sentinel SAR images, kindly provided by The European S...

Hydrogen is one of the alternative source of energy. Its lack of negative impact on environment, high heating value and heat of combustion make that it can be apply in industrial range. However, this is connected with storing this fuel. Huge amount of this medium can be storage in following ways: depleted gas fields, aquifer formations or leached salt caverns [1]. The hydrogen is a very problematic gas because of its physical and chemical nature. It has the smallest atomic radius in whole periodic table. It can at...

This article presents the possibility of using computed tomography (CT) in geotechnical engineering including geocomposite testing. This technology enables dynamic, fast and non-destructive analysis of such properties as homogenization rate and porosity, and even the determination of the shear area angle of the samples, as well as it enables the understanding of the mechanisms of sample destruction. The conducted research confirms an exceptional suitability of the application of medical X-ray CT scanners for engin...

Hydrocarbon deposits in Polish Carpathians occur at rather shallow depths, but under highly complex structural and lithological conditions. It is therefore much difficult to detect and recognize such deposits with use of surface geophysical methods. The research works have made since 2008 year led to investigations of the Grabownica oil and gas field with use of electromagnetic methods: Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (AMT), Controlled Source Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) and Induced Polarization (IP). T...

The Kaizen concept represents a continuous improvement approach to exploiting the potential of human capital. Employees are the bearers and co-creators of values and their performance contributes to increasing efficiency and therefore education strategies need to be directed to the education of university students, potential workers in enterprises in the labor market. In education, there is scope for using the Kaizen concept as an incentive tool that increases the quality of human potential and the level of human ...

It is very useful to use technologies of various fields. An important position in the field of knowledge engineering and knowledge technologies is the so-called decision support systems. The paper gives an overview of this highly exploited field of modern information technology applications, provides basic information on such systems, their architecture, the possibilities of their application, and some typical uses in the field of water management. Questions concerning effects and contradictions of multipurpose wa...

The buildings preserved in the Old Town of Sandomierz belong to one of the oldest preserved, best recognizable and interesting from the architectural and archaeological point of view places in Poland. Historical buildings are situated on one of seven hills, like Seven Hills in Rome, the capital of Italy. Thus, the residents often call Sandomierz ?Little Rome?. Another significant element making these two European cities similar is the network of underground labyrinths being an extraordinary tourist attractions. In...

Lingonberry is a traditional northern region wild berry. Lingonberry juice obtained by the cold pressing method has a high nutritional and biological value. It contains sugars, vitamins, minerals and many other healthy components in dissolved and easily digestible forms. There are challenges with filtering and pressing while juice making process. Pectin complexes in raw berries have negative impact in this process. The aim of the research was to study the effect of pectolytic-enzyme treatment on the lingonberry ju...

Lingonberry is a traditional northern region wild berry. Lingonberry juice obtained by the cold pressing method has a high nutritional and biological value. It contains sugars, vitamins, minerals and many other healthy components in dissolved and easily digestible forms. There are challenges with filtering and pressing while juice making process. Pectin complexes in raw berries have negative impact in this process. The aim of the research was to study the effect of pectolytic-enzyme treatment on the lingonberry ju...

In the opencast coal mining we face the excavation, transport and the storage of a substantial volume of materials. One of the main and regular tasks for surface mines are therefore the calculations of volumes and the monitoring the progress of extraction. The main objective of the measurement is to determine the geographic position of bucket-wheel excavators and lay down their basic geometric parameters, which define their position within three-dimensional space. This way we can monitor, plan and manage mining pr...

The number of active users of social networks according to the latest Global Digital Statshot report from We Are Social and Hootsuite has exceeded three billion. This fact makes social networks the one of perspective sources of information for carrying out analytics of various kinds. The particular interest from a scientific point of view is the identification of interactions between individual actors and social groups. Since a significant part of the interactions are personal data, which are closed for general re...

The article presents the results of the research studies assessing the accuracy of determining the position of an aircraft using the differential RTK-OTF technique inthe post-processing mode. The data for the research test come from an in-flight test in which a Cessna 172 aircraft was used, and which was conducted around the EPDE military airport in D?blin, Poland. The position of the Cessna 172 aircraft was retrievedin the ASOS v.2.0 program for 3 independent RTK measurements in the OTF positioning mode. For the ...

The aim of this study is to estimate the outcome of special cutting method developed for old pine stands in Riga?s forest park Mezaparks. Its topicality is defined by the increase in urban population, cities? areas, and green spaces there. The functions of cities? green areas are specific and it is very important to develop and evaluate special methods of forest management for urban forests. The research was carried out in the forest park Mezaparks, in a 183-year old Scots pine stand with an area of 4.32 ha, where...

The article aims at analysing the content of heavy metals in plants in two rural administrative units of Psary and P?oki which are located in the western part of the Ma?opolska province in Poland. These areas have been heavily transformed by the mining and processing industries. It was found that the content of cadmium in the plant material slightly exceeded the permissible standard of the element for animal feed in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development [1], therefore ...

It is generally recognized that bus drivers are potentially being exposed to daily vibration levels higher than recommended by the international guidelines, especially on certain road types in the urban context. The literature shows up that the whole body vibrations exposure may contribute to low back pain and produce negative effects on the human health. The principal issue about the relationship between exposure and biodynamic response has not been clarified yet. The purpose of this paper is to determine the lev...

In the era of unpredictably rapid changes, the idea of sustainable development is an expression of concern regarding the direction in which humanity is developing. The idea is built upon the feeling of need to take radical steps to revitalise the seriously damaged security environment of the modern man, in order to influence its future, free from threats. The multi-dimensionality of globalisation processes, which influence the economy, politics, ecology, information and the socio-cultural field, among others, forc...

Impact of horizontal stresses on stability of underground workings in mines is a very important issue in underground mining. Identification of the initial state of stress in the rock-mass should be one of the main actions taken into account while designing and carrying out the mining activity in underground mines. The paper presents the azimuths difference method. This innovative method can be used to estimate numerical quantity of the perpendicular and parallel horizontal stress around underground mining excavati...

Biological domestic water treatment is an important and integral step of wastewater treatment system and it treats wastewater coming from either residential buildings or industries. This process is used to remove any contaminants that left over after primary treatment. The biological process of domestic water treatment presented in this paper consisted in the activation of the suspended microorganisms, which consisted of two distinct operations: a) aeration, where the microorganisms are mixed with nutrients from d...

To adequately manage the geographic reality, regardless of its metamorphosis in time and space, it requires a constant monitoring and observation. This means an objective evaluation of its structure, physics and physiognomy, this is why it is necessary to be analyzed in functional complexities called territorial systems and systemic regions. In order to better understand the role if the Giurgeu-Ciuc regional system in the process of sustained development, it is necessary to decipher its structure and how it functi...

The article presents a case study of the laser cutting which is considered to be a modern and safe for natural environment method of machining. It is a method that has been replacing conventional cutting in recent years. This is due to the fact that modern lasers are economical due to the demand for electricity, enable the processing of various materials and are often more effective, the machining is precise, repeatable and the laser as a tool is more durable than conventional. In the experiment described in the a...

The Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction is one of goals of environmental policy in climate change context. The accuracy of Soil flux measurements is one of scientific challenges during last decades. The soil flux measurement methodology using gas chromatography is described and commonly used. However cavity ring down spectroscopy is relatively new technology and there is need to research optimal chamber configuration and measurement time. The aim of this study is to evaluate three types of static chamber confi...

The paper shows selected results of the analysis of the number of people changes including periodical and long lasting staying of people at the room and the heat zones forming in some types of large-volume buildings. The possibilities of the use of those results in the green building design are considered.It is based on the research performed in the large-volume buildings, especially residential and sacral buildings. Here are some calculations of the changes of the people staying inside the building and its influe...

This paper presents recent information (period 2015-2017 evaluation) about the species with the most abundant development in the past years along the Romanian Black Sea coast, namely the green algae Ulva rigida and Cladophora sp. These two species are considered opportunistic, with a high reproductive capacity and a frequent distribution at the Romanian shore, with an abundant development between 0-3 meters depth, so it is considered accessible and easy to collect the algal material. In the present study the bioch...

This paper presents recent information (period 2015-2017 evaluation) about the species with the most abundant development in the past years along the Romanian Black Sea coast, namely the green algae Ulva rigida and Cladophora sp. These two species are considered opportunistic, with a high reproductive capacity and a frequent distribution at the Romanian shore, with an abundant development between 0-3 meters depth, so it is considered accessible and easy to collect the algal material. In the present study the bioch...

Every year, the environment suffers from flooding, droughts, storm surges and other natural hazards, causing major damages and costs to society. Climate change will drastically increase the impact of these disasters and their consequences in the next few decades. Governments and project developers try to cope with these new conditions by implementing technocratic and landscape-led measures in their new urban development projects. However, it is often unclear if these efforts will lead to the desired effects and wi...

In the recent years, sustainable construction is increasingly popular, especially in terms of ecology and the inner climate. This predominantly concerns commercial office buildings in which the achievement of an adequate standard and inner climate of rooms is often the most important criterion for the customer renting the premises. The analyzed professional literature indicates that the costs borne by potential tenants, the owners of the buildings and the society as a whole, caused by adverse inner environment con...

The enterprises of the power industry worked by coal are one of the active sources of environmental pollution with heavy metals. The Novocherkassk State Power Station is the biggest power industry in the South of Russia. The atmospheric emissions contain heavy metals including Cu. Copper in soils exists in different chemical forms or types of binding. In environmental studies, the determination of these forms gives more information on trace metal mobility, as well as on their availability and toxicity, in comparis...

In March 2017, the President of the Republic of Poland signed the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance, also known as the AGN convention. The convention and the Directive 2005/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on harmonised River Information Services (RIS) on inland waterways in the Community, together with a number of European Commission regulations, establish a coherent legal system to facilitate the coordination of development plans and in...

The geographic information system is a widely used IT tool to support the management process in the field of geographic information. It is widely used in geodesy, cartography, construction and many other areas. It is used more and more frequently for spatial analyzes, the purpose of which is to determine the impact of various factors on the state of the environment or broadly understood security. Due to its versatility and the increasing availability the attempts are being made to apply this system in new areas li...

In the case of Poland, from the reporting year, 2017, the NFI Directive requires almost 300 companies to disclosure information, at least on environmental, social, and governance, as well as on respect for human rights, anti-corruption. The aim of this article is to understand the degree of conformity within the non-financial information disclosure of Polish Public Interest Entities (PIE)?s, after to the transposition of Directive 2014/95/EU into Polish law. The empirical research was based on the content analysis...

This article is devoted to the study of the main stages of modernization of the sphere of housing and communal services in the Russian economy, the main trends in the modernization of the country's economy as a whole and, in particular, the sphere of housing and communal services. The structure of modernization of Russian scientists is divided into three sectors. The first one is export, which is competitive in nature, as it includes the production of materials from oil, oil products and natural gas that prevail i...