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Protected natural areas are ideal for monitoring relatively undisturbed natural development of both inorganic and organic parts of ecosystem. The stock-taking of species occurring in the nature reserve is not only crucial to maintain the function of natural reserve, but also to monitor the development of species spectrum, as well as the diversity and succession under conditions relatively undisturbed by anthropogenic factors. Prosisko nature reserve was established in 1998 in order to protect forest ecosystems wit...

The Vrancea zone is an area of concentrated seismicity at intermediate depths (60-200 km) beneath the bending area of the South-Eastern Carpathians in Romania. The purpose of the paper is first to find historic data related to the four selected Vrancea earthquakes occurred on 26 November 1829 (Mw 7.3), 1 May 1893 (Mw 6.2), 17 August 1893 (Mw 7.1) and 31 August 1894 (Mw 7.1). Next, to gather all available historic information about those events, analyze it, assess/or convert the intensity using the Medvedev-Sponheu...

In-situ conversion of kerogen from the production of synthetic oil is one of the possible ways to increase the profitability of the development of shale formation. To develop Bazhenov shale, such technologies as in-situ combustion and retorting, presupposing productive layers warming-up can be employed. Laboratory modeling of the thermo-catalytic effect on the kerogen samples of Bazhenov shale was carried out. Before separation kerogen from the rock sample, bitumoids were extracted by means of chloroform. Kerogen ...

Archaeological work was undertaken to save the archaeological site. Originally the site was described as settlement from the period of Lusatian Culture. But during the first archaeological excavations, a vast and rich burial ground of Lusatian Culture people was discovered. Burials were located at different depths, often above one another. In order to determine precise location of the archeological objects the geophysical survey was used. Due to the fact of burial cremation, which means treated with fire, as a sui...

This article discusses the use of different algorithms for analyzing data obtained by magnetic measurements in archaeological excavations. The aim of this work is the automatic detection of possible anomalies in data that may indicate the presence of archaeological sites. The article discusses two kinds of anomalies пїЅ useful (caused by the presence of archaeological sites) and spot anomalies (caused by the presence of various metal debris). Spot anomalies create local noise that interfere with the determination ...

The quasi-permanent seismic activity that characterizes our planet can be very well explained through the geodynamic pulsatory model for Earth. The cosmic cycles governing effectively TerraпїЅs evolution can provide a current and pretty realistic image compatible with sustained seismic activity of the Earth. More exactly, the phases of these dynamic cycles are crucial because they correspond to a trend of planetary expansion or contraction for Terra. From this point of view there are especially important two cycle...

The Bolshoi Altay (BA) located in the north-west part of Central Asian mobile belt on territory of the East Kazakhstan. The geological structures of the BA include Rudniy Altay, Kalba-Narym (in the north-west), Zharma-Saur, and neighbouring regions of Russia and China and, was formed in the Hercynian time in the process of collision of Kazakhstan and Siberian lithosphere plates and degradation of Irtysh-Zaisan paleo ocean. Regional and local criteria for forecasting of gold ore deposits of the BA have been develop...

Nowadays the renewable sources of energy are gaining more and more in importance to meet the society requirements of energy in a sustainable way. Biomass is among the renewable sources of energy which is known and used since ancient times and it is of great importance for present as well as for the future. One source of biomass are agricultural crops through their residues but also as agricultural crops specially designed to produce biomass and known as energy crops. Although the biomass was traditionally used to ...

In recent decades, the scientific and educational tourism has grown in popularity. The experience gained in field trips and expeditions around Western Mongolia suggests that this area has diverse natural conditions, interesting and unique monuments of nature and archeology including a high potential for making research and educational excursions. The analysis of current and perspective trends of recreational flow in Khovd aimag, Western Mongolia allows to identify five basic spatial-thematic routes combined into t...

This study highlights a part of the results of a doctoral research regarding business performance improvement through contract management, conducted by authors in the Research Centre of Business Administration, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania. The goal of this paper is to identify key elements for lasting collaborative partnerships through an effective project management. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the existing literature whereas the second part includes research results ...

The aim of this work is to present the current state as well as a forecast for coming years in sewage sludge management in Poland after 1 January 2016. New law policy adopted from 1 January 2016 forced certain changes in communal sewage sludge management. Now communal sewage sludge is forbidden to be stored (calorie than 6 MJ / kg), therefore there was a need to increase a percentage share of other methods used for sewage sludge management. In addition there is an expansion of a waste water treatment plants and se...

The main aim of this article is to present the current situation of waste management in Poland. The most frequently used methods of waste treatment, with particular emphasis on the use of thermal methods. In recent years, the stream of municipal waste per capita is constantly increasing which makes the municipal waste management is becoming one of the biggest challenges in the twenty-first century. By 2016, most of the waste was not reused, but its way directly to the landfill. Legal restrictions introduced from 1...

The management of grassland areas through the correct use of these areas is reflected in the qualitative and quantitative increase in plant production per unit area, the increase of the animal product and the better protection of the environment. The national agricultural context of Romania requires the existence of a Management Plan for each area of grassland and its concession to farmers for a period of up to 10 years. This study was conducted for an area of 945 hectares of grasslands under the protection of the...

The article is an introduction to the issues of shaping the areas of former lignite mining surrounding the city of Zielona GпїЅra (Lubuskie voivodeship, Poland). The city of Zielona GпїЅra, seeking new investment areas, develops further areas, including those that have been former mine sites for at least 70 years. They have never been reclaimed. The remediation of former lignite mines, both technical and biological, is the responsibility of the mining plant and should be carried out in accordance with the law, how...

A regulation of the mining operations mode during a new phase of open pit mining deep lying minerals through implementation of temporary non-operating open pit edges on many deep open pit mines made it difficult to extract minerals. Innovative technologies of working zones development along steep open pit edges have been tested at the pre-design stage with comparison of the obtained mining schedules with the design schedules based on the analysis of methods of controlling mining operations mode and their existing ...

Nowadays, efficient urban transportation systems have a very strong impact on economic prosperity and development. The quantity and quality of transport infrastructure can influence attractiveness and desirability of urban regions for certain industries and can affect the quality of life of its citizen. Passenger transportation systems are characterized by complexity of its behavior and a high level of uncertainty; therefore simulation technologies have become an effective tool for their modeling and managerial de...

The present paper analyses the use of resources and municipal waste generation in western Romania. In this territory the waste generation continues to grow but there are considerable differences between urban and rural area, regarding the resource use and waste generation per person, generated mainly by different social and economic conditions, and different levels of awareness towards the environmental issues. While resource extraction has been stabilized in the last decade, dependence on imports is increasing. I...

Social housing management is an area of asset management within local government which is strongly dependent on legal and socio-economic system as well as public housing policy. In many countries housing systems are in transition towards privatization, deregulation and decentralization of public tasks. The transformations in institutional and economic context have lead to more market-oriented social housing management. They have not been an isolated process but a part of broader one termed New Public Management (N...

Land management and spatial planning are closely linked to the adaptation of water management to climate change impacts. Land management has an influence on the ability of the soil to retain precipitation or flood water and sustainable land use can help to better manage risks related to both increased precipitation/flooding and water scarcity. Land and soil management can also realize significant synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation. Agriculture as a key form of land use will play a crucial r...

The current article presents two map projections used in Romania mainly for military purposes, namely Lambert-Cholesky (from 1917 to 1931) and Gauss-KrпїЅger (from 1955 to 1971). After a brief description of their individual characteristics and particularities of application in our country, a comparison of the distortions produced by both projections was presented in order to emphasise their various advantages. The accuracy of relief representation using contour lines on maps drawn to scales of 1:20,000 and 1:25,0...

This paper presents the works on applying the recommendations of European Commission to Member States by the Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem Services (MAES) framework to the Romanian peculiarities of wetlands ecosystems, at local level. The MAES framework, published in several guides by MAES working group, recommends for the Member States the methodology for the fulfillment of the Action 5 from the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy 2020 which is to assess in the first phase the ecosystems condition and th...

To combat climate change increase in carbon sink or forest cover is most important adaptation technique. India has committed to create additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030 in Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) submitted to Paris meet COP 21 (Conference Of Parties). A IPCC Tier II analysis of different mangrove sites of India will give a better snapshot of role of mangrove cover as carbon sinks to combat climate change and to achieve national target of carbon s...

Policies supporting rice cultivation and investments in water infrastructures facilitated intensification and diversification of land-use in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Although the major changes are acknowledged in the literature, few studies have examined the dynamism of land-use across the delta. Overlaying land-use maps, we identified land-use dynamic by the number of changes observed during the 11-year study period. Land-use was found to be highly variable, changing by 14.94% annually between 2001 and 2012. ...

The work is devoted to the new calibration method for vector geomagnetometer in the visualized coordinate system, which is connected with the body of the instrument. Standard navigation aids allows to transform geomagentic vector in the visualized coordinate system to the global coordinate system. It can be used for linking the received magnetograms to the coordinates on the terrain. The method allows to take into account the non-orthogonality of sensitive axes, difference of sensitivity and offset of magnetic fie...

Detailed geoecological mapping of anthropogenic heavily modified regions has its own specifics. A high degree of anthropogenic transformation of the landscape components affects the possibility of such mapping. Comprehensive positional analysis and synthesis at the geographical point was the main research method to the needs of allocating of types of geotopes. This method allows us to create complex geoecological relatively homogeneous units of small areas. This research was done in the cadastral territory of Porп...

Economists usually apply quantitative methods for analysing economic data. Most of this data has a connection to a particular place or space. In geography, the location plays a crucial role, and together with attributes of such location it represents geospatial data. Collaborative work of economists and geographers (geoinformaticians) offer great opportunities in geospatial-economic data analysis and visualisation. Joining two relatively distinct disciplines brings added value for both economy and geography. In ot...

Latvia has been actively involved in reducing global climate change. However, since 2006, along with an increase in economic activity, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from LatviaпїЅs agricultural sector have tended to increase; besides, the agricultural sector is the second largest source of GHG emissions, in 2015 accounting for 24.2% of the total GHG emissions in the country. Such changes in GHG emissions from agriculture in Latvia indicate that without additional measures Latvia cannot reach its GHG emission targ...

The literature mentions that marine algae biomass is an important resource of mineral elements, polysaccharides (agar-agar, alginats), proteins and vitamins. The superior valorification of this biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, textile and dyes industry, nutrition industry and for soil fertilization. At the Romanian Black Sea Coast the macro-algae biomass envelopment is reported mainly in summer and is registered especially by the green macro-algae group; thus the larg...

The marine ecosystem has been the cradle of life on Earth, and the entire evolution of human populations was related to the sea. Always present, in most great civilizations, from economy to art, the marine ecosystem always played a special and complex part in the human conscience and sole. Our article focuses on the relationship between certain factors of the marine ecosystems and both wellness and pathology of the eyes. Just like the tide of the sea goes both ways, so do the effects of the sea water and its assoc...

In the northwestern Black Sea the Danube deep sea fan has an extent of over 150 km and stretches from several hundred meters water depth down to the abyssal plain at 2200 m water depth. This large turbiditic system comprises a series of channel-levee systems, with deposits of mass transport. Its evolution was due to the fluctuations of sea level and sediment inputs. Sedimentary and seismic facies identified on the Danube deep sea fan are similar to those that characterize most fans of this type. In the study area ...

The microseismic monitoring is a method of monitoring of fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing (HF)process. An array of several hundred geophones is placed on the surface to record little ground tremors induced by fracturing process. Filtration and summation of signals from geophones is essential to identify and locate fracturing events from underground. Authors propose a method of matched filtering, that is usually used for detection of outliers in music records, to improve signal to noise ratio. A rea...

This paper describes an experimental analysis of damaged concrete corbel strengthened by gluing carbon fibre composite fabrics. The purpose of the investigation is to study all changes in behaviour and then their contribution to a better understanding of reinforced concrete corbel. Five reinforced concrete corbels are tested under tree-points bending to failure. Four of them are damaged at different load level up to 80% before strengthening. Test results show that strengthened corbel specimens using glue given an ...

One of the directions of rational use of energy resources in the field of drying of wood is the use of the managed heat pumps having the considerable potential for reduction of primary energy consumption when drying. Heat pumps can be used in combination with traditional fuel or electricity as an additional power source, or to act as the independent generator of heat and at the same time as draining device. The advantage of heat pumps is lower energy consumption for each unit of remote moisture, more exact managem...

The aim of the present work is to develop, substantiate, and study a fundamentally new method of derivation of composite electrolytic films making it possible to control their composition and structure. We assume that, after the termination of the stirring-up of a bath containing the electrolyte-suspension with monodisperse spherical particles of the same density, a uniform sedimentation space is established. The upper boundary of this field will descend with a velocity depending on the dispersity and density of a...

Soil contamination is a component that contributes to the increase of environmental pollution, as soil is the key element that underpins food production for household consumption. The transfer of contaminants from soil to plants is one of the input mechanisms of human exposure to metals through food chain. Mathematical models are documented as effective tools, that could help observe pollutants impact on agricultural products (vegetables and fruits) as well as on environmental systems, to evaluate different scenar...

Noxious agents released into the atmosphere that can cause harmful effects on human health and environment are often in the form of a complex of toxic substances in which both solid and gas particles are present. Polluting elements do not remain at the sources where they are produced, but due to influential factors, they are propagated to significant distances. Assessment of pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere is performed using mathematical dispersion models. This study presents the assessment of the impact of...

The paper deals with the study of Powered roof support analysis, taking into account the interaction with surrounding rocks. In this respect, an analytical model of kinematics and load of the shield, a differential model of the shield-rock system equivalent stiffness and a Fuzzy logic based analysis of the parameters variation are presented. In the first two models, the classical approach of shield mechanics, the loading scheme was modified by taking into account the horizontal force acting between the roof and th...

The article aims at the presentation of results as well as the prognosis of deformations during mining works based on experimental measurements. For this study were explored the directional galleries from the layer nr.3 and transversal galleries from the mining basin in Valea Jiului. According to the depth of exploitation, the mining works are situated in rocks with variable resistance. In order to increase the reliability of mine works for the opening and afferent preparing of mining field from Valea Jiului, the ...

In industrial electric installations there are situations when inductive circuits are connected to AC power sources. These operations are accompanied by the appearance of specific transients after which may occur overvoltage spikes that can become dangerous for components in the circuit. Evaluation of these surges and other electrical specific parameters are the subject of this paper. Measurement method is based on using a data acquisition system produced by National Instruments and MATLAB is used as software envi...

Successful development of business depends on using integrated information of business activities by management of the firm. Costs analysis of energy has important task in energy management, that present structural element for preparing of budget. Therefore it uses various economic analyses in praxis and energy management is one of these tools. Implementation of energy management in praxis goes out of necessity of environmental behavior. Using of energy management tools in area of energy cost decreasing presents f...

Kacza river is located in northern Poland in the neighborhood of the Gulf of Gdansk and the Baltic Sea. A Kacza having length of 15 km and catchment area of 53 km2 collects the water into the Gulf mostly from inhabited and forested areas within the administrative boundaries of the city of Gdynia. On the 14th and 15th of July 2016 in northern Poland on the large area of Tri-City agglomeration (Gdynia, Gdansk and Sopot) total daily sum of precipitation over 150 mm was recorded. Rapid rainfall in the area of Tri-City...

The noise in the workplace is a health problem of workers. It is estimated that a third of European workers are exposed to noisy working conditions more than a quarter of their working time. Hearing loss caused by noise is still one of the most common occupational disease in Europe, accounting for about one third of all occupational diseases. In order to identify employees and workplaces that are exposed to noise levels should to perform measurements of noise periodically. The methods for determining working condi...

The European Union has set a target to cut its greenhouse gas emission levels by 80% to 95% until 2050, if compared to 1990. Agricultural soil is an important carbon store and food provider in the world as well as greenhouse gas emission reducer via carbon sequestration. In order to assess the climate change mitigation effectiveness of the measures, it is necessary to obtain statistically significant data before and after the implementation. The greenhouse gas measurements from soil are commonly determined using s...

None of optical devices is perfect. Each lens has some errors, e.g. tilt, coma, spherical or chromatic aberration. The more lenses are in the optical device the more errors can reveal. All these imperfection accumulates and multiplies during the path through the optical device. It is necessary to know how the light passes through and interacts with each optical element. There are some possibilities of simulation of these defects. One of these methods is ENZ (Extended Nijboer-Zernike) theory which can be set up for...

The circular economy concept is gaining increasing attention as a potential way to raise prosperity on the one hand and reduce the consumption of primary materials and energy and decrease waste generation on the other. One of the main principles of a circular economy is designing without waste пїЅ the target is to пїЅclose the loopпїЅ of the product life cycle. In particular, this concerns sectors such as the automotive industry, both because of its strategic economic importance and due to the potential and signif...

The tree height, as the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch of the tree, represents a key element of forest inventories. In stands where the number of trees is high, the traditional in-situ methods can be time-consuming and can have difficulties in measuring accurately. In this study we present the potential of a low-cost commercial drone-based method of tree height measurement that could be implemented in the sustainable management of forests. Aerial images were acquir...

Even if EU traditional agriculture is based on a considerable part on livestock enterprises activities, and many products are sustaining the traditional activities, livestock production is the largest source of greenhouse gases, high water usage, driver of deforestation, loss of biodiversity, land use, European Union (EU) is the biggest food importer and the second food exporter, spend around 40% of its budget on Common Agricultural Policy in detriment of other sectors. This paper work aims to emphasize the impact...

Slag is one of the by-products of energy industry which is suitable for secondary industrial processing. Although slag has been successfully used in industrial production for several decades its use does not achieve the level of its potential. This work describes the improvement of mechanical properties of alkali activated binders пїЅ geopolymers made of slag. The effect of mechanical activation on mechanical properties of geopolymers was examined. Mechanical activation was made with ball mill and different time o...

The growth in economy is reflected also in the rising demand for freight transportation. The freight railroad industry play an important role being a mainstay of transportation for basic industries. New projects are currently developed for increasing the capacity of transportation by rail from large coal and mineral basins to the places of consumption or within the processing plants. The combined heavy load and usage cycles imposes severe stresses on the components of the freight cars. To this purpose a comparativ...

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of microcrystalline cellulose fibers on the mechanical properties of flexible starch based foams. During the experiment the foams obtained with potato starch with the addition of glycerol as plasticizer were tested. The starch was blended with glycerol in laboratory mixer with 30 wt.% glycerol addition. The process of making foams have been carried out by microwave heating in laboratory microwave oven. To improve the mechanical properties of starch foams to the mi...