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In the 20th century, giant reserves of natural gas were discovered, intensive construction of main gas pipelines began, and effective technologies for liquefying and transporting natural gas in a reduced state appeared. This led to the fact that in the first decade of the 21st century the share of natural gas in the world energy balance increased significantly. The developed and well-established transportation system and modern fuel and energy equipment allow the delivery of natural gas to almost any place on the ...

With clastic sedimentary rocks associated deposits of ore, oil-and-gas, coal and non-metallic minerals. They are located in a variety of different age strata structural-tectonic stages. Sedimentary rocks composing these fields are often framework rocks or minerals themselves are economic minerals. Depending on the age and affinity to specific structural and tectonic tier breeds are in various stages of the penecontemporaneous transformation. By the degree of transformation of organic matter in the clastic rocks ca...

Mineral fuels are among the non-renewable natural resources. For this reason, would be addressed in a responsible and rational use. Mineral fuels are among the so called strategic raw materials, the use of which is essential to the national economy and energy security. Raw materials base in Slovakia as regards energy raw materials consists mainly of brown coal, lignite and uranium, part of the oil and natural gas. To determine the prospects for the use it is necessary to know the quantity of reserves and the econo...

Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of chemical reactions between it and the surrounding environment. Is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. It is the gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical and/or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Biomaterials are used to replace a part of the body functions lost due to illness or to improve functions and to correct anomalies. The import...

This article deals with the currently often discussed issue of the regeneration of brownfields. Brownfields sites can be found in every city or municipality, whether it is a small or large municipality or a big city. The introductory part of this article will summarize the key findings about these areas, including a presentation of the most appropriate ways of addressing their reuse. The issue of technical infrastructure will not be disregarded in this introductory part, since quality restoration cannot do without...

The article presents the genesis of safety assessment of LNG tankers, along with safety criteria. The utilitarian need to carry out simulation research risk assessment in respect of a LNG carrier manoeuvring in restricted areas has been justified . As a standard vessel an oil tanker has been assumed meeting the authorisation requirements of the the selected LNG terminal. The shipпїЅs operational conditions have been identified and correlated with the manoeuvres in the terminalпїЅs area. The mathematical models of ...

Currently mobile mining machines, including primary ones, such as drilling and bolting rigs, or used in underground mining of metal ores, are most commonly driven by internal combustion engines. Due to the large depth of mining, this type of drive provides a number of disadvantages, including a large generation of fumes, heat and noise. The solution to this problem seems to be the use of the electrical battery drives, similarly as is the case in motor vehicles. The article presents the assumptions and boundary con...

This study is focused on the flotation of scheelite (CaWO4) ore with a sample from OchtinпїЅ, Slovakia. Scheelite as an important tungsten - bearing mineral is often nowadays treated mainly by froth flotation. Such a treatment of scheelite mineral includes crushing, grinding and sorting, followed by gravity separation which is a very significant process for obtaining marketable grade mineral concentrates. A significant step is flotation processing which is based on the difference in chemical and physical propertie...

The publication presents an assessment of the possibility of obtaining char from fly and fluidised ashes from coal combustion. It also presents the methodology of measuring the concentration of char in fly ashes as well as the method developed for separating char grains from fly ash samples. The research conducted has shown that both fly and fluidised ashes contain large quantities of unburnt coal grains, which can be used as a substitute in obtaining artificial graphite through the processes of graphitisation. Th...

In the power plants where coal combustion is used to produce electricity and heat, solid combustion products are produced, i.e. furnace waste (ashes and slags) and waste from waste gas extraction. The amount of ash or slag depends on the quality of the coal and the ash content. To get 1 kWh of electricity it is produced from 60 to 200 g of waste. Only in 1989 in Poland, the energy industry produced 23.8 million Mg of waste. Only 4 million Mg of these waste (in the building materials industry) was used, while 19.8 ...

In order to determine the dependencies between the chemical indices of the soils of the automorphic series and the results of spectrographic analysis, the field survey with HandHeld2 spectrograph was conducted at cleaned surfaces of the soil sections at soil sampling site. Data for zonal soils of Chuvash Republic (podzolic chernozem, dark grey forest soils, typical grey forest soils and light grey forest soils) with different erosion degree were obtained. The results of agrochemical inspection were analyzed along ...

The primary methods of oil exploitation using only the reservoir energy. This energy allow recovery a small part of oil in place. It is estimated that only 25-35% of the oil in place can be exploited from the reservoir using the primary methods. As a result, there is a large amount of oil left in the reservoir, which canпїЅt be exploited by conventional methods. Only the implementation of supporting methods, so-called secondary and third methods (EOR methods-Enhanced Oil Recovery), which use oil displacement with ...

The adsorption excretion of Hg, As, and Cu ions from aqueous solutions at 22пїЅ0.5пїЅC on zeolite (Sokirnitskoe deposit, Transcarpathia) and smectite clay (Kamalinskoye deposit, Krasnoyarsk region) were studied. The adsorption processes were studied in the static regime at pH?2. Parameters such as, the time of equilibrium establishment, the ratio "sorbent - solution" were selected experimentally. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 ?m membrane using syringes. The samples for Hg were selected strictly in teflon...

One of the priority issues of humankind is global warming, due in particular to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), the diminishing of which is a global priority. The use of heat pump systems over conventional boiler systems to produce heat for heating or cooling (boilers, chillers) has a significant impact in terms of GHG reduction. The GHG reduction process is characterized in particular by the COP of the heat pump systems and the greenhouse gas emission intensity resulting from the electricity generation process. F...

In urban environment the local areas or neighborhoods are multidimensional phenomenon consisting of social, physical, political and economic aspects. The main goal of the neighborhood development is to create conditions for sustainable socio - economic and spatial policy implementation within the city administrative territory as well as to improve urban development planning and the quality of life. Population satisfaction with local public services such as open space is an important factor of sustainable spatial d...

Purpose of the article: The present paper is part of a wider study undertaken by the author on aspects of CSR in modern companies, e.g. Hys [9], [10] reports a study of employee practices. The aim of this article is to review and analyze the activities undertaken by enterprises in Poland in the frame of corporate social responsibility (CSR), with a special focus on the environment. Research background: The CSR concept is a challenge for modern companies. Policy makers take action to identify operational factors wh...

Experience shows that last year marked by economic sector tourism is the fastest growing because it provides more than 6% of global and 13% of consumer spending. The tourism industry relies on tourism's role in economic, psychological, social created. For many regions, countries, tourism is seen as a panacea for economic recovery and raising incomes of local communities, firms. In this context, an imbalance between profit / responsibility / environmental sensitivity, which can lead to an offensive of governments a...

Computer simulation is substitution of original object by another one in order to obtain information about the most important properties of the original object using the object model. Depending on the purpose, the simulation can be made on two levels: on the qualitative and quantitative. Accordingly, descriptive or constructive models are used. Mathematical modeling is always performed quantitatively using design patterns. This article describes the modeling of computer networks and their parameterization. One of ...

Within an expeditionary study, conducted in the south-eastern part of the Romanian Plain and central and southern Dobrogea, soil samples (0-20 cm) under the maize during the growing phase of 4-7 pairs of leaves, have been collected. The investigation methodology included three methods: determining the soil content of mobile Zn, soluble in CH3COONH4-EDTA solution at pH 7, calculating the values of the reaction-mobile phosphates index (RMPI) and of the zinc deficiency index (ZnDI), in order to establish the probabil...

One of the problems of Russian enterprises that independently control the oil pollution of circulating water and wastewater is the availability of appropriate analyzers. However, they should not burden the budget of an average enterprise. Two types of analyzers are considered in work: IR analyzers and fluorescent analyzers. The studies were carried out on standard samples. It is shown that for IR analyzers the deviation of the obtained results from the calculated value does not exceed 3% of the relative. The obtai...

Up to date the high content of toxic and corrosive compounds in petroleum gas is one of the main problems. Hydrogen sulfide, a gray carbon monoxide, carbon disulphide, mercaptans; sulfides and disulfides in gas condensates are the most often appeared among the sulfur-containing impurities. This problem can be solved by creation new technological methods for preparation of oil-dissolved gas or development existing ones. Hydrogen sulfide has a high corrosion activity, and the existence of water in the gas increases ...

The results of rooting cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis which were planted in substrates of sand, peat, perlite and peat + perlite treated with rhyzogene substances named Atonik and Radistim. This study was conducted in the closed greenhouse from the Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry in Timisoara, for the rooting place had been utilized crates with the size of 50x30 cm and they were filled with substrate of sand, peat, perlite, perlite + peat, and then were planted cuttings of Bougainvillea spectabilis tha...

Abandoned oil and natural gas wells can pose a serious risk, mainly associated with uncontrolled oil spills and natural gas leakage due to imperfect sealing. In order to make the right decision for the need for repeated disposition of borehole, it is essential to have a functional, general, but sufficiently simple method of risk assessment. Certified methods for risk analyses used by Czech governmental institutions as well as other open methods available in literature were analysed and significant gaps recognised,...

The article deals with the structural design of the test equipment for analysis of coatings for hose conveyor belt conveyors. Processed list of existing test facilities in the world. Currently, there are various devices for testing materials using a bi-axial tension. The measuring device of its own production to measure axial forces in the conveyor belt, pipe conveyor is also the Technical University of Kosice. On it is possible to perform various tests conveyor belts by means of which the various measurements and...

The paper presents research conducted in the city of Tyumen as a large Siberian industrial center to understand the factors of quality of the social space development. The development of Russian cities is carried out, chaotically, but not systematically. The main tools for the development of urban spaces are territorial planning, urban policy, where the social factor plays a non-primary role. It was shown that urban space should meet the needs of residents, not only from the point of view of infrastructure and hou...

National wealth of a country is represented by land and existing buildings on its territory. At present, Romania, records of land and buildings is achieved through systematic cadastral works. The objective of systematic recording is the free registration of all properties situated in the extravilan, in the Integrated System of Cadastre and Land Registry. The technical works will be initiated by the Territorial Administrative Unit at the cadastral sector level. The ultimate goal of this work is represented by the p...

This study aims to highlight the relations established between the vegetal organisms and the soil (the edaphic factor). Most terrestrial plants use the soil both as their support, where they can settle themselves, and to obtain the water and the mineral salts needed in the process sinthesizing the organic substance. The roots system has a characteristic shape, depending on the species, on the substratum and on the plantпїЅs dimensions. After having studied the specialized bibliography and after having completed th...

The data recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have led to the cataloguing of the year 2016 as the warmest year on worldwide meteorological records. The two previous records listed were the years 2014 and 2015. Phenomena like El Nino and La Nina are responsible for the cooling or heating of the upper tropical zone of the Pacific Ocean. This causes variations in global wind patterns and weather, thus leading to short-term ...

Importance of cadastral maps in today's society cannot be doubted. Maps are a key component of cadastral documentation пїЅ they provide geometric and positional determination of the property and are the basis for reconstruction пїЅ setting-out of a lot boundary. They increase the trustworthiness of cadastral data. The fact that cadastral maps are in vector form, does not guarantee their accuracy and quality. The user must be extremely cautious when a digital image of the map is interpreted. Article is knowledge ba...

In this paper, thin films TiCx was coated by chemical vapour deposition method, and various duty cycles were carried out in order to observe the influence of this parameter on residual stress and tribology behaviours. The duty cycles were 35, 43 and 50% at 500uC operating temperature. Therefore, wear behaviour, hardness and chemical analyses of TiCx coating were characterised, and it was found that the residual stresses in the coating were compressive, which were- 1.4189, - 0.2985 and -0.1749 MPa at three differen...

The abundance of invasive plant species in the riverbank vegetation negatively affects the integrity, structure and function of the natural ecosystems. Invasive plant species are stressors for plant communities and they change their species compositions. This leads to species deprivation and homogenised regional flora. The Czech legislation defines invasive organisms as harmful organisms that are allochthones for a locality, which having been introduced into the locality are able to negatively influence plants or ...

The development of oil deposits in the Republic of Tatarstan is entering a late stage. Deposits of natural bitumen of Cheremshano-Yamashinskaya structural zone, in particular, Ashalchinskoye, Mordovo-Karmalskoye and others, were studied. For their development requires the use of active methods пїЅ method of thermal (steam-thermal) impact. The use of method is limited by the stability conditions of its fluid seals. Fluid seals are the layers of пїЅlingul clayпїЅ пїЅ deposits of the Kazanian stage. They are represen...

Jiu Valley mining area is one of Romania where currently exploiting a coal deposit, which has important reserves of balance that can ensure beneficiaries' needs (CET Paroseni and CET Mintia) over a period of several decades. Structural changes that have occurred in the Romanian economy since 1989 have generated, but layoffs / redundancies collective personnel reorganization / activity restrictions in the mining units and the closure of some mines with no prospects of viability. All this led to a sharp economic dec...

This Article includes results of the research performed within the Project пїЅThe Assessment of the Stability of the Socio-economic Development of Cities of Different Population Size in Terms of Geo-Economic Uncertainty (on Materials of Northwest Russia)пїЅ. The role of foreign capital in the development of cities of the St. Petersburg coastal region was reviewed, the region was considered within 200 km from coastal line of the Finish Bay. The coastal region acts as a contact area between the sea and the land and ...

Forests and woodlands play a very important role in many aspects of human life, and they also affect the quality of the environment. Recently, the interest of researchers and governments has focused on the function of woodlands in terms of current climate change. In this regard forests perform four basic functions: they are пїЅcausesпїЅ, пїЅvictimsпїЅ, пїЅbeneficiariesпїЅ, and пїЅmedicineпїЅ for the ongoing changes. The last function includes participation in the reduction of greenhouse gases, by absorbing carbon ...

Green roof infrastructure has become a multi-million dollar industry in Germany and is gaining popularity in other European countries as well as in other countries all over the world. Green roofs are more than just soil and plants on a roof, but consists of specialized membranes and drainage barriers to support the growing of vegetation on top of buildings. The mitigation of the urban heat islands and the reduction of cooling loads are the main advantages of this roofing system. Therefore, green roofs could play a...

Mining and chemical industry is a source of significant anthropogenic impact on natural components. Industrial wastes of Rozdil state mining and chemical enterprise (SMCE) пїЅSirkaпїЅ are one of the sources of environmental pollution, including soils and the water environment. The enterprise is located in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region). It poses an environmental hazard to the Dniester River and surrounding settlements. Large-tonnage wastes like phosphogypsum (over 3 million tons) were formed on its territory in...

The paper discusses current mineralization in the small closed lake Skalistoe, located in the territory of Olkhon region (western Baikal area), characterized by the semiarid climate. To analyze the mineral phases formed on unattached algal-bacterial formations (the atmosphere-water interface), submerged algae and macrophytes (water-bottom sediment), and bottom sediments, we used the methods of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. It was found out that the minerals deposited during the...

Villages and rural settlements are an integral part of the Czech landscape. The colonization of the Czech lands has an ancient tradition but the role that the small municipalities play in the territory is very variable. This article aim is to describe the historical development of selected small towns. Each one is representing different production area in the South Bohemian region. Besides assessing their area, functional use of individual parts of the towns and the demographic composition, there will be also asse...

International Seismological Centre (ISC, Newbury, UK) annually locates about 30,000 earthquakes that may occur with macro-seismic effects (effects on people, objects, nature and buildings). Catalog of the earthquakes, observed since 1034, contains informationпїЅs about more than 650 earthquakes that have macro-seismic effects in the SlovakпїЅs territory. The strongest earthquake was recorded 28.06.1763 with the epicenter near of KomпїЅrno and only in the town itself completely destroyed the seven churches and 279 ...

Background: The article describes the selected aspects of the air temperature and some other microclimate parameters changes caused by heat emission from people staying inside some types of large-volume buildings. There are shown exemplary results of the research conducted inside unheated or low-heated sacral buildings (including tall) and inside residential apartment buildings (some features are reversed). It is based on author's research conducted in Warsaw University of Technology and Cardinal Stefan Wyszy?ski ...

The article shows the selected aspects of the air temperature and air relative humidity changes caused by the heat emitted by people staying inside the selected sacral buildings. The air temperature and some other microclimate parameters change because of the heat emission from people staying inside rooms. There are shown exemplary results of the research conducted inside unheated or low-heated sacral buildings of the historical and modern construction. It is based on author's research conducted in Warsaw Universi...

In recent years the small hydrographical basins were affected by numerous extreme hydrological events. Genesis of floods from these hydrographical basins is linked primarily by climatic conditions and other factors such as: geology, soil by its temperature and its humidity, vegetation, topography trough slopes, shape and surface of the hydrographical basin, which influence the concentration time and water volume. Mike She model is able to simulate the entire stream flow. This paper is using Mike She Model for runo...

Appointment of the software system is the solving the direct and inverse problem of the lunar physical libration. The direct problem is to calculate the selenographic coordinates of stars falling within the field of view of the telescope mounted on one of the lunar poles. The analytic theory of the physical libration of the Moon of Petrova N. [1] provides the base for the solution of the problem. The inverse problem is to determine the parameters of lunar physical libration based on the simulated "observable" sele...

This paper aims to identify the degree of resistance of cryogenic soils exposed to chemical contamination from the Nurbinsky extractive plant in Western Yakutia. It examines the resistance basing on the sorption capacity of soil material, and also assesses their ecological and geochemical state. In this paper we consider homogeneous suprapermafrost-gley, gley podzolized and homogeneous non-gley types of cryozemes. A total of 16 full-profile soil cuts and 185 small trenches were made in depth of 0-10 cm and 10-20 c...

Forest resource is the most important natural resource. The Leningrad Region is one of the most developed subjects of the Russian Federation according to economic indicators. Logging, wood processing and timber exports are carried out in the region due to the reserves of forest resources. The consumption of forest resources should not exceed the productive natural forces. Improving forest management, ensuring rational use of forests, maintaining the ecological potential of the forest fund are essential aims. The s...

An important feature of the small rivers in the fact that they are the starting point of the river network, and any changes that occur in their mode, will marked on the hydrological chain. Small rivers form the water resources of medium and large rivers, hydrochemical water quality and creating lands large areas. Object is a small river Mertvovod in Mykolaiv region (Ukraine). Purpose is an environmental analysis of the state of the Mertvovod River, to determine and analyze possible impacts on the state of the wate...

The main purpose of this article is to reveal the age of Alibonca Formation and Malatya Volcanites, their formational environment and the contact relationship between these two units. The units that cropped out in the study area are Keban Metamorphites (Permo-Trias), Alibonca Formation (Lower Miocene), Malatya Volcanites (Lower-Upper Miocene), Meteristepe formation (Lower Pleistocene), Yoncal? formation (Upper Pleistocene), talus and alluviums (Holocene-current). Alibonca Formation is composed of medium-thick bedd...

Changes in group chemical composition in the modification processes are not dependent just on physical and chemical characteristics of bitumen, but rather on structural features of raw material composition and its modification products. The investigation of bitumen is difficult due to formation of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic group combinations. The result of modification is bitumen transformation, and this phenomenon is observed by quantitative change in structural fragment content. One of the most informa...

Based on the recent geological mapping campaign, 2D seismic profiles, well data and regional correlations, a structural framework of the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians have been established. The proposed structural model differs from the ones that so far have been accepted in the literature. Our interpretation of available seismic data as well as regional outlook suggests that Cretaceous to Oligocene deposits of the Silesian Unit terminates abruptly to the south and does not continue beneath the Magu...