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The Sofia-Plovdiv railway line is part of the Sofia-Plovdiv-Istanbul direction along the Orient/Eastern-Mediterranean corridor of the Trans-European network (TEN-T). The line is of important national and strategic importance. The project to modernize the line will lead to better conditions for transporting passengers and cargo and reaching European interoperability standards [1]. One of the predicted effects of modernization is an increase in the volume of freight transport at the expense of road transport. This w...

This study addresses the severe environmental disaster in the village of Umm al-Nasr in the northern Gaza Strip, which faces one of the most severe environmental disasters. The equivalent of 130 thousand cubic meters of sewage flowed into the village of Umm al-Nasr from the sewage collection basin. The losses include the deaths of five citizens and the injuries of 35 others, in addition to environmental damage and material losses in the village as a result of this environmental disaster, including pollution levels...

The article aims to develop the concept of environmental safety as a science and practice in the digital era in accordance with the goals of sustainable development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the development of new models for predicting environmental risks based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. This includes forecasting climate change, air, water and other ecosystems pollution. Using the methods of systematic analysis and modelling of environmental safet...

Camilo Ponce Enriquez is in the southwest coastal zone of Ecuador, and it is surrounded by 4 river basins (Gala, Tenguel, Siete and Pagua) with an area of 1,780 km2. Mining has been the main economic activity since 1980 and is classified as Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Activity. However, since 2000s there is evidence of contamination by heavy metals in water and sediments due to irregular mining practices and inefficiency environmental-s regulations. Despite the evidence, there are not enough scientific studie...

Accurate representation of particle dimensions is essential for reliable sedimentation analysis and assessment of settling dynamics. The use of equivalent diameters-such as Stokes, Feret, and volume-based diameters-introduces approximation errors when replacing real particle dimensions, especially for irregularly shaped particles. This study quantifies these errors by capturing high-resolution 2D images of particles within a bentonite, commonly found in bentonite suspensions characteristic of those occurring in ri...

The study deals with estimation of theoretical wave power resources and their spatial variability in transitional waters along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. It is based on wave climate data obtained by means of hindcast of wave conditions during 2013-2022. Numerical simulations were performed using the third-generation spectral wave model SWAN and the theoretical wave power was computed using the spectral output in terms of energy transport per unit of the wave crest length. Estimates for wave power means and max...

In the context of modern globalisation and the rapid development of digital technologies, the agricultural sector faces new challenges and opportunities. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) plays a key role in ensuring a sustainable economy by promoting the introduction of innovative solutions and technologies in agriculture. The purpose is to study the impact of digitalisation on the EU agricultural sector in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy, to determine the theoretical a...

In the European Union (EU), food production needs to become more sustainable and environmental-friendly. Farmers play a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices on their farms because one of the goals of the EU Farm to Fork Strategy is to reduce nutrient losses by at least 50%, while ensuring that there is no deterioration in soil fertility, which could reduce fertilizer use by at least 20% by 2030. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to examine fertilizer consumption in EU Member States and to...

Pesticides are traditionally used in agricultural production to protect crops against pests and diseases. However, there is growing public concern about the negative impacts of pesticides on human health and the environment. Therefore, one of the policy documents of the European Green Deal, which plays an important role in long-term agricultural development and environment-friendly management, is the Farm to Fork Strategy, which requires reducing pesticide use by 50% in the European Union (EU) by 2030. Therefore, ...

Rural areas and infrastructure in the Danube Delta are affected by natural disasters, and the frequency and severity of hydrological phenomena are increasing due to climate change. The rural areas of the Danube Delta experience significant flooding due to the high levels of the Danube, often resulting from quantitatively significant precipitation. The protection dyke system related to the Danube River is most often affected by floods that sometimes lead to the failure of the dykes. Dyke failure is noted by the app...

In recent years, the domestic frozen bakery and pastry market has shifted towards ready-to-bake frozen products, driven by the global trend for convenience and on-the-go consumption. This study aims to analyze the quality indicators of cakes subjected to freezing to determine their shelf life and optimize freezing conditions. Four sample categories were evaluated: fresh cake (P1), cake subjected to thermal shock (P2), cake frozen for 3 months (P3), and cake frozen for 6 months (P4). Quality assessments included se...

This research aims to conduct a descriptive statistical analysis to identify the statistical correlation between categories of new and second-hand vehicles registered for circulation in Romania and various health conditions associated with atmospheric pollution. Currently, a significant challenge for the global community lies in mitigating the impact of atmospheric pollution, considered a crucial factor both in terms of global climate change and its impact on public health. One major source of atmospheric pollutio...

The article develops one-dimensional linear regression mathematical models that establish the relationship between the activation potentials Ecrev, repassivation Erep, and corrosion Ecor of the 06KhN28MDT alloy used in the production of plate-like heat exchangers and its chemical composition and structure components in model recycled water. It has been found that the limiting potential Elim of the alloy shifted in the positive direction with an increase in the content of Cr, Mo, Si, S, the volume of titanium sulph...

The evaluation of computer simulation and modeling methods of pull processes carried out in open pit mines is a broad and complex topic, which involves the analysis and comparison of different techniques and tools used to simulate and model pull processes in quarries and open pit mines. The importance of computer simulation and modeling of recovery processes plays a crucial role in optimizing resource extraction, reducing costs, minimizing environmental impact, and ensuring worker safety. These technologies make i...

This article presents a numerical study of the effects of changing the geometry of the turbine impeller blades on the efficiency and intensity of homogenization in a bioreactor. The mixing of liquid media is an important stage of technological processes in various industries. Modern Impellers are equipped with homogenizing devices for introducing energy into the liquid, they include hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical devices or their combinations. Rational selection of the mixing device at the design stage is imp...

The assessment of the influence of economic activities on the population in the eastern region of the Jiu Valley (located in the south-western part of Romania) entails several stages. These include measuring the extent of air pollution, selecting a tool for evaluating air quality, and most importantly, implementing a method for estimating the environmental impact. The objective of the study is to analyze the environmental conditions by analyzing the data collected from the six designated locations and utilizing th...

In the context of the pressure to reduce the production of CO2 emissions in cement manufacturing, cement plants are significantly changing their product portfolios. Changes in the composition of cement products also lead to changes in their properties. This paper focuses on the monitoring and non-standard evaluation of initial volume stability. Several different types of currently used cements produced in various cement plants in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 2022 and 2023 were tested using the -initial volum...

With the development of food production technologies, the consumers attention has turned to products with specific nutritional and health-promoting properties. For this necessity, today's manufacturers have turned their attention to fortified foods, and a raw material that is found in great diversity and that can be used to enrich food is represented by mushrooms. The purpose of this study consists in determining how the addition of different concentrations of crued polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms and add...

Generally, water quality involves the water-s physical-chemical and biological attributes that depend on the natural surrounding environment and anthropogenic impacts. Through the years, the river water quality in the Sf. Gheorghe Branch has been subjected to various hydro-sedimentary impacts, due to the anthropogenic meander cut-off plans initiated for navigational objectives. In this study, the Sf. Gheorghe Branch water quality evaluation was performed using in-situ observations, measurements, and datasets provi...

The basic structural and functional element of a belt conveyor is the conveyor belt, which is supported by carrying rollers. Research in this area is important for increasing the service life of mining belt conveyor components. The rollers are subject to various forms of wear. Tribological interactions between the roller, the conveyor belt, and the particles of the transported material or impurities from the environment that enter the tribological system cause various forms of mechanical wear. Abrasion is the pred...

<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> is a well-known biocontrol agent with growing interest as a multifunctional bioinoculant due to its diverse metabolic capabilities. Despite its promising potential, the transition from laboratory-scale cultivation to industrial-scale production still presents challenges, particularly in optimizing biomass and spore yield at low cost. This study focused on testing a new medium for spore/mycelium production of <i>T. harzianum</i> integrating traditional growth media with gazpacho, a toma...

The paper describes the disposal of wastewater by evapotranspiration (ET). In cases where buildings can-t be connected to the sewerage or to domestic treatment plant, a cesspool must be built. Economic burden of transporting and requirements of wastewater recycling have lead to invention of a system, that ensures the quality of wastewater needed for recycling, while maximizing ET through evapotranspiration bed (ET-bed). For actual evapotranspiration (AET) analysis, a laboratory model of ET-bed with water tank was ...

Changes in land use and architectural renovation are a normal process in historic urban centres, and as a consequence there are changes in the occupation of properties, such as the loss of vegetation cover and filtering soils that could be integrated into the urban green system, which is now almost entirely concentrated in the public space. In this study, a series of orthophotographs of the historic centre of the city of Loja were analysed to determine the changes in vegetation cover and its distribution among squ...

The agricultural sector is an important strategic branch of any economy. Food security and food independence of the state are the key to ensuring the national security of the state. This fact became especially evident during Russia's aggression against Ukraine, which, among other things, affected the global food market. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the oldest policies of the European Community, as it was launched in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome, signed by six countries (Germany, France, Italy, the ...

The purpose of this article is to provide a legal analysis of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the field of protection of environmental human rights from the point of view of the following key aspects: severity threshold, degree of discretion, positive obligations of states. Special attention was paid to the latest case of Klimaseniorinnen Schweiz and others v. Switzerland. On April 9, 2024, the ECtHR for the first time upheld a complaint in a climate change case. This is the first tim...

Satellite motion control in the vicinity of the libration point with expenditure criteria is considered. Expenditure optimization is natural in the case, where it is necessary to keep mechanical system in the neighborhood of the equilibrium point for a long time. Disturbing factors from time to time distort this system unacceptably far from the equilibrium point, and we need to extinguish these deviations, using fuel or another resource, which reserves are limited. Optimization of the satellite motion control acco...

Gray cast iron is still the most used material for the production of castings. It can be made in several ways, but the most efficient and economical way to make gray cast iron is in a cupola furnace. A by-product in its production is slag, which arises from impurities that may be present in the charge, from coke, which is used as fuel for the cupola furnace and part of it also passes into the slag, from the lining of the cupola furnace as well as from oxides formed during of the smelting process, sulfides and phos...

In this study, we present the design and implementation of an experimental stand tailored for the analysis of hydrogen explosions with the capability of modifying the propagation direction. Hydrogen explosions pose significant safety concerns in various industrial settings, and understanding their behavior under different conditions is crucial for risk assessment and mitigation strategies. The experimental setup integrates precise control mechanisms to manipulate the direction of explosion propagation, allowing fo...

Land administration system in Slovakia is a large system. Many incomplete data and errors have been incorporated into its content since 1850. Most problems in the field of land administration system are solved by judicial proceedings, in which the expert testimony is required to reach the conclusion. The gathering of data about a particular land parcel consists of investigation of documents and maps. The investigation of map documents is very important for the whole process. The derivatives of these maps are store...

This study explores the interconnection between health, nutrition, and the emotional bond in the human-dog relationship. Using a multiple-choice questionnaire, the research examines health issues, dietary choices, food rewards, and emotional ties among dog owners, with a focus on individuals aged 31-45 from diverse backgrounds. The main objective is to understand how health, nutrition, and emotional bonds are linked between dogs and their owners. The survey covers topics such as health observations, veterinary car...

This study investigates the nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of mango-based jams prepared with different sweeteners, evaluating their potential as a nutritious and appealing food product. Mango, a tropical fruit rich in vitamins A, C, and dietary fiber, is an ideal base for jams, contributing both health benefits and natural sweetness. The study analysed the effects of various sweeteners, including refined sugar, honey, agave syrup, and stevia, on mango jams' nutritional profile and sensory prop...

This article deals with the issue of the indoor environment in terms of optimal conditions of thermal comfort and the satisfactory quality of indoor air. A weekly measurement of the parameters of the indoor environment was carried out in the building of the day rehabilitation centre in order to verify the state of the indoor environment, to determine the processes that create the indoor environment and to define the factors that affect the resulting state of the indoor microclimate. One of the important factors is...

Waste management is a current and future challenge due to the increasing volume of waste. The amount of waste generated directly correlates with production and consumption patterns. The current level of natural resource utilization exceeds the Earth's capacity for replenishment. Therefore, humanity must take action to mitigate the consequences of rampant natural resource consumption. One way to achieve this goal is to increase the level of waste recycling. However, the amount of waste actually recycled is signific...

In today's globalized society, it is becoming more and more necessary to include sustainable development ideas in accounting methods. The main concepts of land accounting within the context of sustainable development are covered in detail in this abstract. Sustainable development requires an accounting methodology that goes beyond typical financial measurements since it is defined by the balance of economic, social, and environmental components. We examine how social responsibility, resource efficiency, carbon foo...

The paper presents research on the development of enrichment of polymetallic ores of the Elan deposit. The heterogeneity of textures, structures and material composition of the ores of the Elan deposit make it a difficult object for technological research. The research was focused on the development of waste-free enrichment technology; progressive stadial, collective and collectively selective flotation schemes with full water circulation, ensuring environmental protection, using both currently manufactured by ind...

The paper presents a quality evaluation of the kinematic model concerning the relative height movement of the Earth-s crust that refers to the territory of the Republic of Croatia. This kinematic model enables determination of vertical displacements and movement speeds of discrete points on the Earth-s crust. So far, the quality of the model has been rated only for certain parts of the Croatian territory, but this paper shows the results of the model-s quality evaluation for the entire territory of the Republic of...

The transition to paperless management in municipalities is an essential step in achieving the goals of environmental economics and sustainability. To assess the benefits of such a transition and find weaknesses, the municipality of Liepaja (Latvia), in cooperation with the municipalities of Vila Nova de Poiares (Portugal) and Mielec (Poland), implemented a joint project. The present research evaluated the financial benefits of switching to paperless management as well as the benefits of training municipal employe...

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023 - 2027 is currently the main instrument of the member states for the development of the agricultural sector and rural areas. CAP is focused on ten key objectives related to social, environmental and economic goals. EU agricultural policy covers all levels covers all levels of agri-food supply chain. The Romania CAP Strategic Plan was approved by the European Commission in December 2022 with a total allocation of 15.83 billions - (14,96 billions - from EU budget and 0,86 bi...

Today about 10% of Latvia's territory is occupied by peatlands (645,100 ha), but the extraction of peat happens in only 4% (25,739 ha) of the total. In regulatory documents peat bogs are mentioned as having a very high probability of flammability (in the context of climate change and other natural elements: drought, heat, lightning and deliberate or unintentional human activity). This indicates the need to improve fire safety by conducting research and improving regulatory frameworks. The aim of the study was to a...

In recent decades, the interest of researchers has focused on the development of methods for obtaining alternative energy sources. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the methods for obtaining a wide range of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Ru, Ni, Fe and Co are the widely used catalytically active metals in FTS. To increase the activity of the catalyst, as well as increase the yield of target products, promoters are introduced into catalytic systems. In FTS, oxides of alkaline and rare earth metals, oxides of...

Human activities have significantly impacted aquatic ecosystems worldwide, especially in developing countries. Acid mine drainage from mineral extraction and wastewater containing xenobiotics pose substantial threats for lakes and marine ecosystems, introducing heavy metals and increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbes. Despite the urgent need for effective solutions, many environmental liabilities remain without an adequate mapping unmapped or remediation plan, exacerbating risks for environmental h...

Due to the increase of global concerns over environmental degradation, the search for sustainable energy sources has led to increased utilization of renewable fuels such as biogas and biodiesel. Despite their advantages in terms of sustainability, challenges persist in their efficient utilization. An easy method to approach these challenges is addressing the characteristics of flames produced during these fuels- combustion. This study aims to address these challenges by developing a MATLAB-based flame analysis too...

Nature-based solutions harness the power of nature. Nature-based solution represent an innovative approach that can combine ecological and engineering elements with site security. Nature-based solusion encompass a wide range of measures to protect, restore or sustain landscapes such as watersheds and urban areas. Nature-based solution can be implemented on the basis of a risk analysis of the territory to ensure the safety of the territory, e.g. a municipality. An example of this is the construction of dry polders ...

This paper presents the results of laboratory processing tests conducted to explore the potential for beneficiation of a wollastonite mineral (calcium metasilicate, CaSiO3). The ore studied comes from a mineralized body located in the southern part of Sardinia (Italy), which has been studied in the past with geological surveys and sampling. In the investigated area the mineralization was very irregular. The encasing rocks consist of schist and the mineralized body is composed of wollastonite associated with limest...

In addition to excellent mechanical, physical and chemical parameters, magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) composites offer numerous environmental benefits, particularly with regard to the necessary reduction of carbon dioxide emissions associated with the production of Portland cement based building materials. However, the limitation to the wider use of MOC is its low water resistance. Therefore, the possibility of improving the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) composites by nano-adjustment u...

The soils from the central part of Sredna Gora Mountain in Bulgaria were studied aiming to establish the occurrence of contemporal soil forming processes occured in the forest ecosystem. Soils were analyzed to determine the carbon content, the soil organic matter composition and the total soil acidity. The precise soil classification based on the detail morphological diagnostic was carried out. The ecological conditions in forest ecosystem determine the mode of humic substances in the studies soils. Soils are char...

As the climate changes, the EU is experiencing heavier rainfall, harsher storms and rising sea levels. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), the consequences of fluvial, pluvial and coastal floods in Europe will overall worsen as a result of local and regional increases in intensity and frequency of flooding [1]. The article concerns the indication of the functionality of the available QGIS software in the identification of critical infrastructure objects in Poland and the Czech Republic along with t...

This paper presents the experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of a newly developed two-coat system (TCS) for the protection and repair of concrete. The optimized system consists of a penetrating layer of modified low-viscosity resin of BPA (bisphenol A) type and a top coat based on aliphatic polyisocyanate resin of HDI (hexametyl diisocyanate) type. TCS was applied to reference concrete specimens, which were subjected to various tests to evaluate their basic physical properties, mechanical strength, hygric ...

The sustainability, the digitalization and the generation renewal of the agricultural sector are the most important aims of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2020. Among the horizontal goals of the European Agricultural Policy are the widespread of digitalization technology in the agricultural production, as well as, the education and the innovation. The key conditions are the widespread application of digitalization technologies in the agricultural production and food industry, the implementation of the invest...

As nonferrous metals, lead zinc is the most widely used ore after aluminum and copper. Considering the increasing demands in industry, it is understood that a sustainable mine supply is necessary to meet the Pb-Zn. In this context, the geochemical characteristics of the Erva lead zinc deposit in Yahyali (Kayseri) district were tried to be revealed. The study area, Yahyali district, is located in the Southeast of the Central Anatolia Region. The geological unit in which the Erva is located is the Yahyali Munzur Nap...