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In heavily settled areas, deformations i nduced by the tunnel excavation may cause serious damage to nearby structures. Theref ore, it is necessary to study effective means of controlling tunnel induced deformations. Th e main parameters affecting the failure and deformation state of the soil around a circular underground opening are the physical characteristics of the soil, the diameter of the opening, and the support pressure. In this study, 3-Dimensional (3D) FDM analyses were conducted to assess tunneling indu...

A comparative study on the zeolitization of coal fly ash from thermo-power plant “Maritsa 3” (Dimitrovgrad) with KOH and NaOH solutions of different concentrations has been made. The initial materials have been activ ated by application of “conventional” method of hydrothermal treatment at temperatures near 100 °C, atmosphere pressure and liquid/solid ratio of 10 ml.g -1. Three concentration levels for KOH and four concentration levels for NaOH have been used. The initial fly ashes and the obtained zeolit...

The aim to the research was to compare or thometric heights, de termined by real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System observations and local geoid models in Adana city, Turkey. GPS network had been established according to Large Scale Map and Map Information Production Regulations (LSM&MIPR) in Adana metropolitan city at 2008. In study field total area is 663.05 km2 451 stations which are 2 items Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network (TUTGA ) points, 6 stations graded by C1, 35 stations graded by C2 a...

Coverage of Slovakia's energy needs depends primarily on collecting energy from abroad (mostly from the Russian Federation). Therefore, the state is inclined to making substantial use of renewable energy sources, which are also environmentally less aggressive. Slovakia has a significant potential in geothermal energy. The systematic investigation of geothermal energy sources using geothermal wells started in 1971 in Slovakia. There are 120 registered geotherm al wells in Slovakia, which proved about 1787 l.s -1 of...

In literature, environment is mentioned as “the whole natu re and examples of human- made structures in the nature together with human beings and all other living beings”. Environment is the atmosphere or conditions in which an organism exists and it is an atmosphere that existed with the first living being on earth. Environment is the physical, biological, social, economic a nd cultural atmosphere where people and other living beings lead their lives and interact with one another. Human life is built on vario...

A detailed study of the weathering products is an important step toward the comprehension of the complex processes opera ting in the environment of mine tailings. The identification of the carriers of the polluta nts is a prerequisite for the assessment of the contamination risk and a remediation or immobilization strategy. In this study, we describe sulfide oxidation processes and the resulting chemical composition of the weathering products within 2 tailing impoundme nts rich in Fe, Ca, Si, Ba and Al. Content of...

Estimation of large to rare floods is needed in the design of major water infrastructure such as large bridges, weir s and dam spillways. This paper presents a simple Large Flood Regionalisation Model (LFRM) which is relatively easy to apply in practice. The proposed method assumes that the maximum observed flood data over a large number of sites in a region can be pooled together by accounting for the at-site variations in the mean and coefficient of variation (CV) and inter-station correlation among the flood se...

Experiences from various countries show that without initial state support it is not possible to build basis for applying of t echnologies using renewable energy sources. Presented contribution is orientated to the various mechanisms that are using for support of renewable energy sources. That means st ate regulation in this area generally and basic types of state donation policy in th e frame of European Union and their consequences on the market with renewable energy sources.

The paper marks evaluation of existing me thodological tools for the formation of polymer composites, summarizes in brief the known technical designs and recent points of view for functioning of the old processi ng methods. Further, to make these systems usable in a practical working environment we will focus on the implementation of well- established utensils and ou tline possible new viewpoints for the modern revelations. Here, we will involve identified developments and routine utilizations, and will propose pr...

The main characteristics of geographic information systems (GIS) are large geospatial datasets and the necessity to share data among other GIS systems. In order to achieve this kind of interoperability it is necessary that the data is st ructured, encoded and described in standardized way and that the GIS architecture is based on standards. Standards in this field are based on the se rvice-oriented architect ure, where different types of tasks are implemented by different services. All these ta sks in collaboratio...

The influence of washout scavenging on the removal processes of SO 4 2-, NO3 - and Cl - ions were investigated using sequential ra in sampling. For this purpose this study investigates the variation of these ions in precipitation using the sequential rain sampling and relationships of the wet depos ition flux to the rain intensity and ion concentration were introduced. We carried out sequential rain sampling for five different rain events sampled in Istanbul on a) March 14 th, 2008 b) March 20 th, 2008 c) March 25...

Biooxidation of sulphide minerals has become an important method for the pretreatment of refractory gold ores. More over, bioleaching of the mi nerals with thermophilic microorganisms is attracting increasing interest as a promising alternative process. In this study, the biooxidation of an arsenical refractory gold sulphide concentrate using extreme thermophiles is examined. The concentrate contained 100.84 g/t Au, 31.8% pyrite (FeS2), 10.9% arsenopyrite (FeAsS), 0.2% chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2), 37.3% quartz (SiO2) a...

Application of GIS systems in Agriculture now adays is an essential tool for managing, monitoring and updating crops information in daily, monthly or annual basis. A review of number of OpenGeo products exposed worldwide shows that there have been major improvements in much functionality recently . The application of GIS systems in agriculture is also recommended by Eur opean Commission for countries which are being prepared to join European Union (LPIS, vineyard cadastre etc.). For the wine cultivation in Kosovo,...