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Contribution mentions reasons for rising of rusting and incrustation and possibilities of its removing at the technological equipments during using of hot geothermal water. Biggest attention is given to the choice of me thods for treatment with geothermal water, either by chemical or by physical way and further attention is given to the geothermal energetic system and its parts that are subjected to the rusting and incrustation.

The Dardanian zone (Serbian-Macedonian massif) represents the western part of the Rhodope crystalline basement. This zone was structured and metamorphosed during the Hercynian and post Hercynian tectonic st ages. The geological mapping at 1:25.000 [1] show that a of the studied region is built of crystalline Pale ozoic basement. The important aspects have been identified in the structure and metamorphism from this part of western Rhodopes. The study of the deformed Variscian and Hercynian tectonic phases are diffi...

A database of average monthly air temperat ure and atmospheric precipitation has been created for seven meteorological stations for the period between 1936 and 2009. It was used to study current trends of climate change in the Kazbegi area, a mountain region in the Greater Caucasus. Changes in temper ature and precipitation are described by circular regression equations and rates of these changes are identified.

Geostatistical analysis provides a powerfu l tool for enhancing the prediction and decision making capabilities of geologists and mine planners. The majority of practicing geologists are involved with mining and/or exploration ventures. As such a significant proportion of the geologist’s time is devoted to designing and impl ementing drilling and sampling progr ammes and using the resultant data to predict (and reconcile) reserve tonnages and qualities on a variety of scales, ranging from life-of-mine areas to d...

The large-scale emission of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere has wrought of the most serious and dangerous problems upon the earth, especially with regard to the devastating consequences of the greenhouse effect. The reduction and/or fixation of carbon dioxide can be said to be one of the most important areas of research in chemistry today, not only for solving th e many urgent problems resulting from the pollution of the global environment but also for finding ways to maintain vital carbon resources. One of th...

Transport noise barriers are ecological struct ures that are designed and built along the roads (motorways, expressways and railways etc. ), in order to reduce the noise levels to the limit values for urban areas and in rooms of buildings. Assessment of the effectiveness of the barrier is carried out th eoretically, empirically or by a combination of both methods. To automate the design of th in noise barriers are created four modules from the series Screen *, which are part of the software package for acoustic ca...

Concrete and mortar made with Portland cement can be damaged when exposed to solutions containing sulphate. Waste water ofte n contains sulphuric bacteria, and so the piping is frequently damage due to sulphate attack. In case of concrete sewer pipes this phenomenon is caused mainly by the sulphur-o xidising and sulphate-reducing bacteria that are forming part of the biological circulation of sulphur and its compounds in biosphere. These bacteria take part in the dissimilatory part of this cycle and the bacterial ...

The definitions of the risk factors due to a possible earthquake on the settlement area are useful for decreasing hazard of a potential earthquake and essential for preparing the management plans by the local municipalit ies and government. Soil amplification, vulnerability of buildings, natural period of soils and liquefaction are the main risk factors of a possible earthquake. On the othe r hand, before definitions of these risk factors, the distribution of the soil classe s should be determined. By the way, the...

Burning and thermal degradation of wood are the sources of contamination of environment by carbonyl compounds. Many com pounds from this group are toxic and have negative influence on human and environment. The paper presents results of research of carbonyl compounds arising at thermal loading of various wood species at various conditions of thermal loading. The samples of beech, fir, spruce and birch wood were thermal loaded at temperatures 135, 170, 205, 240, 270, 450 and 600 В°C. The carbonyl compounds were ana...

Coal is the most consumed fossil fuel in the world. Determin ation of the thermal properties of coal is a very important matter and it is not straightforward because of the heterogeneous structure of the coal. The short and elementary analysis results of coals with different carbonization de grees are different. The mineral composition of a coal also affects the thermal behavior. To detect thermal properties of co als, thermal analysis devices are generally used in many widespread methods. The most widely used met...

In this work, dissolution of Ni and Fe in sulfuric acid medium under the influence of sodium fluoride was studied. The samples of the nickeliferous late ritic ore were taken from Eski şehir (Karaçam) region of Turkey. The effects on the nickel and iron dissolution rates of stirring speed, sulfur ic acid concentration, sodium fluoride concentration, reaction temperature were investigated. In order to investigate the effects of leaching temperature range of 30-50 °C the shrinking core model was applied by using t...

The calibration baseline of the Faculty of Geode sy, University of Zagreb, is the longest calibration baseline in the world numbering altogether 25 pillars. It was built in 1982 for the purpose of testing and calibrating the electro-optical distance meters, and today even GNSS instruments can be tested there. Th is calibration baseline provided a mutual standard scale for the calibration of instruments at the distance up to 3100 m in the Republic of Croatia and wider region. In this paper the determination of coor...

The determination of heights using the me thod of geometric levelling belongs to the most precise geodetic measurements. The majo rity of errors in geometric levelling can be eliminated in the most part by testing and rectification of instruments, by selecting an appropriate measuring method and the most convenient external conditions and the time of the day and the year. The errors that canno t be eliminated in f iled conditions are the error of staff scale, the error of irregula rly attached staff scale and the ...

In this study, the boric aci d extraction from colemanite in ammonium chloride was studied and the effects of parameters such as the leaching temperature, ammonium chloride concentration, solid/liquid ratio a nd leaching time were investigated on the boric acid extraction from colemanite. Statistical design of experiments and the analysis of variance were carried out. The experiments were performed in a 500-mL cylindrical glass reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermostat for controlling the leaching t...

The crude-oil import and pipeline- related pumping activities date since 1967, when the ship Marianne III delivered th e first “black gold” shipping to Constanta harbor. Due to the petroleum products growth and the development of the petrochemical industry, it has been decided to import and transport crude oil through pipe lines. This paper presenting the Management of the environmental scheme in the Roumanian Oil Transporting Pipeline based to long experience (20 years to working in the environmental protecti...

Tourist trails are of great importance for mountain tourism and in recent years their situation came to the fore again in Romania too. Is typical of today’s tourists that they want to know more and more data regarding their destination, they want to visualize in a virtual world their selected places. Theref ore, a self-made analysis software were designed with the aim to determine the foll owing parameters: tota l length, rising and descending length over a given limit, mi nimum and maximum height, maximum eleva...

Increasing population, urban development, i ndustrial and agricultural needs, gradually warming the Earth and increasing droughts have been caused of reduction of consumable water and the need for rich resources of underground water has been more than before. Arak as a fourth pole of the industry in the Iran country has especial dependence on Aman Abad region underground water resources, so the study in this area for underground water exploitation and control of resources have great importance , that most of these...

The inadequate comprehension of specific haza rds, mainly related to their nature and magnitude, have lead in the past to the occurrence of several catastrophic events in the Romanian mining industry. The mining industry, like other major global industries, must consider and manage risks to business objectives, to remain successful. Management of risks requires a proactive, systematic approach, applied when key decisions are being made across the life cycle of the industry, from exploration to mine closure. Presen...

The contribution deals with the evaluation of atmospheric deposition monitoring by the modified bulk deposition met hodology (wet and dry), which was focused on selected heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd , As). The long-time monitoring (2001-2010) was realised in the vicinity of siderite mining and processing plant. The works operated until august 2008. The samples were monitored by means of 17 sites located maximally up to 8 km from main source of pollution. Besides the deposition fluxes of heavy metals, m...

In this paper we deal with analysis and evaluation of objects of interest which are present in ultrasound images as well as assessment of the progress or regressions that occurred in these objects. These objects ar e highly significant from a medicinal perspective and include atherosclerostic pl aque in carotid arte ries, the intima-media thickness in the distal part of the common carotid artery, cerebral cortex size and brain stem findings in cases of Parkinson disease. Here, we describe procedures employing comb...

Exchange in nature named by the people barter, in a haggling, an unwritten contract between two parties who give each other one thing for another thing. As a human manifestation, the barter is the ancestor of commerce today that is mediated by money and the most modern techniques. Ethnographic questionnaires completed in 1970 for developing the Romanian Ethnographic Atlas r ecorded it in all the counties. In most localities Carpathian and Subarpathian investigated in the early twentieth century echanged was, wood,...

Diagenesis and geochemistry of three selected and well exposed outcrops of Qamchuqa Formation (Early Cretaceous) at Kurdistan Region northeastern Iraq were examined. Lithologically this formation is mainly composed of dolomite, and limestone beds. Petrographic study of the Qamchuqa Formation reveals that the skeletal and some non- skeletal grains within the limestone a nd dolomitic limestone beds are the main components of this formation. Micritizati on, cementation, neom orphism, compaction, dissolution and dolom...

In Poland the closed shafts were filled up in the past years with th e rock material with very different backgrounds and properties. The effect of flooding the shallow, old mining areas, as well as the impact of water infiltrating from the surface, are observed on the surface as subsidence funnel and discontinuous crack. Using the geophysical surveys, numerical modeling, geologic al and hydrogeologi cal studied, some possibilities for diagnosis of hazards in abandoned coal mines areas are shown. In the context of ...

The article discusses the new methodological approaches for the direct valuation of their own economic services of biodiversity. Approaches are illustrated by economic services valuation of intraspecific diversity of Paci fic salmon. The resulting estimates can form the basis of effective economic instruments for biodiversity conservation.

Ground water, according to higher reliance coefficient and less fluctuations, has been used for many years. Precipitation is a major supplier of underground water resources and aquifers. So any changes in rainfall amount fluctuate underground water table depth. Occurrence of drought is the most important reason for the decrease of water table. To analyze the role of drought on underground water in Shahrekord plain rainfall and water table level were used during 1984-2008 period. The resualts shows a strong correla...

Drought issues are discussed: concept, definition and classification of drought as well as drought indices, drought prediction and monito ring. The second part is on the weather network in the country as a tool for drought monitoring.

To study the distribution and repetition of droughts, an ar chive of droughts has been created in eastern Georgia for 19 meteorol ogical stations for the vegetation period between 1961 and 2008. It has been eval uated geographic and meteorological conditions of droughts formation: conditions of humidity, temperature background, hydrothermal regime of soils. It has been studied the territorial distribution and probability of dry months, repetition of drought s within a season and a month, severe and ultra-severe dr...

Ecological problems are a lot in numbers, ther efore and their resolving are looking in many ways. Certain the own contribute should give and economics sector because in one or another way they can contribute to protect or to destroy the environment. Sensibility and awareness of publics and ins titutions for protecting the environmental and survival for all of lives forms are very important, all of this can contribute for now and future generations. In this paper work ecological awareness is analyzed in some of ec...

Corporations regarded as socially responsible can benefit from a large satisfied clientage while the public image of social irresponsibility can end up with a boycott or any other hostile actions from costumers. Po sitive contributions to social development can be considered by companies as long term investments in the consolidation of a safer community life, better educated and mu ch more equitable which corporations can benefit from by unfolding their activities in a more dynamic, stable and resourceful environm...

There are many natural water springs in Tuva, that are used by native people for medicinal purposes. They are called arjaans. To people’s opinion, the treatment at the arjaans is very effective. It’s an old national tradition of tuvan peoples closely connected to the way of life. Every year more than 10.000 people are treated on the arjaans without medical control. The therapeutic methods used by the arjaans traditionally are drinking, having shower and bath.

Slovakia, as well as other member states of the EU is obligated to achieve till 2020 rate of energy from renewable energy sources at the level of national goal of the country that is in our case 14%. In every state given duty is going about individually according condition of the country. In this sense there has been accepted at the Slovakia law n.309/2009 about support of the renewable energy sources and combined electric energy and heat production. Further frame for support of renewable energy sources is annual ...

Repeated application of phosphorus (P) fert ilizer in soils, in excess of crop removal rates, may increase the concentration of P in soil solution and conse quently the transfer of soluble P to streams. Excess P in natura l aquatic systems can promote eutrophication of lakes and rivers. The application of calcareous sorbent in the adsorptive removal of P from soil solution could be a suitable technique. The objective of the experiment is to evaluate the sorption of P in a marginal coarse-textured soil (pH 5.5) ame...

Land application of swine manure can increase antibiotic concentra tions in agricultural soils. It is thus important to develop labor atory methods for antibiotics in manures and soils. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of volume of Na 2EDTA– McIlvaine’s buffer (c itric acid and Na 2HPO4) solution on recovery of oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) added to fresh swine manur e. Antibiotics were mixed with manure at a single rate of 20 mg /L. Six treatments (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 or...

The phytoavailability of aluminum (Al) in Al-ri ch acid podzolic soils is of particular concern in many Quebec agricultural areas due to its toxic effect on plant growth. Liming materials may mitigate Al phytoavaila bility and toxicity depending on Al pool and plant part, respectively. Our objective was to determ ine the effect of dolomitic limestone on the distribution of Al species in soil and to evaluate the uptake and distribution of Al in the different parts of maize ( Zea mays L.). Maize was grown in 40- cm ...

A detailed study has been conducted to investigate the leaching behavior of low-grade secondary type, uranium minerals under alkaline conditions. Uranium mapping analysis indicated the significance of each particle size to the leaching process. Owed to its significance, particle size effects were examined by two different experimental schemes: classical plate agita tion and bottle roll te sting. Other infl uencing variables such as agitation time and concentration of used lixiviants, were also considered. Results ...

The effect of biodiversity on ecosystem func tion is complex and requires understanding of all interacting systems, such as hydr ology, geology and above ground plant diversity of the study area. In this study hydrogeoch emical modeling using PHREEQC was used to investigate the effect external fact ors (nearby river Saale and an underground channel) on the groundwater chemistry of a large grassland diversity experiment (Jena experiment). Groundwater chemical analys is was performed for river Saale and groundwater ...

Plant fibers from wood and agricultural crops like flax and hemp are renewable materials those have a potential for creati ng "green" products and replacing fossil hydrocarbon materials harmful for the environment. Industrial hemp (Cannabis Sativa) is an extraordinary non-toxic, non-narcotic plant and has been used for a wide variety of applications. Hemp contains cellulose fibers and a woody material called shives. In Europe, hemp shives and fibers are increasingly being used in a range of products like textiles,...

We present the results of precious metals leaching from stubborn sulphidic silver-and- gold-containing ore of Kazakhstani deposit Kunisty by complex cyanide в€’thiosulphate solutions in comparison with separate cyanide and thiosulphate solutions in the model and experimental conditions. It is establis hed, that in a range of investigated concentrations 0,03 - 0,1 M, application of complex cyanide в€’thiosulphate solutions leads to change of oxidation-reduction potential of the solutions by 50Г·200 mV. The degree o...

Nondestructive techniques by using electromagnetic waves in many disciplines such as agriculture, engineering geology, material sciences and so on are very important regarding predictions. As it is well-known, material properties can be determined by using electromagnetic waves. The scattering of electromagnetic waves due to physical and geometrical discontinuity is creating surface waves which are still dominant in prediction of material properties. A dielectric sheet on the ground plane will act as a guiding str...

Widespread use of renewable energies is a global priority that must not be ignored. Optimal production and use of renewable energy sources is a necessity. In the current context, characterized by alarming incr ease in pollution caused by energy production from combustion of fossil fuels, is becoming increasingly important to reduce dependency on these fuels. Energy recovery and conservation aim at solutions for a substantial reduction in fuel consumption. In this context we can mention hydrostatic regenerative hyb...

English for Academic Purposes is a necess ity in quite a large number of companies. Compared to General English, English for Academic Purposes has its own characteristics which are taken into consid eration when developing the syllabus. This paper focuses on academic use of English which is required in certain companies as a part of professional development program.

Purpose of the scientific research – Table of contents Research into the chemical parameters for the quality of vegetables. Qualitative and technological evaluation of plant raw materials (vegetables), improvement and optimization of technologi cal processes and systems for controlling the existing qualities to produce protected and high quality food items. In order to conduct an analysis of vegetables in the region of Mitrovica for Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd metal content, the ripe samples will be taken from at least t...

The policies for social responsibility in th e frame of environment protection is not exclusively related to XXI century state, on the contrary, the need to benefit from a healthy environment is a sine qua non demand of all participants involved in current social activities. Although at the individual level, the possi bilities for expression in this respect are not absolute, the representation through the agency of non-governmental organizations can fulfil these targets. The management difficulties, implicitly soc...

Compared with other industries, construction is one of those that actually give contribution to the gradual damage of the environment and is one of the most dangerous sectors in field of occupational health and sa fety. Construction process at the site is not by nature environmentally fr iendly activity and all the s ector is one of the most physically demanding and risky sectors. Many existing researches suggest that construction activity is one of the major contributors to the environmental impacts which are typ...

Nor green business, however, designed precisely to reduce the amount of waste that modern society and its technologies generate, is not entirely trouble-free in relation to waste. This problem also applies to photovo ltaic. The issue of life cycle and the final disposal of modules and materials is more or less long a major role for industry. Total amount of photovoltaic waste in Europe is still relatively small and moves around 3800 tons in 2020, this number will grow to 35 000 tones. Sooner or later it will be ne...

Building environmental assessment systems a nd methods has been introduced in many countries. Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) designated as a first building environmental assessment method was developed in the United Kingdom in 1990. The Slovak building environmental assessment system (BEAS) has been processe d in the recent times . Systems and tools used in many countries were based on the new system development for applications under Slovak conditions. The fields and ...

Introduction And Purpose Environmental environment is defined as “a human notices significance of his/her relation with the envi ronment in terms of hi s/her existence”. In the society, several professional groups are of extreme importance for increasing awareness of subjects and leading to behavi or changes. Environmental behaviors of physicians having substantial effects on public health and education are important for social awareness. This study is conducted in order to assess environmental behaviors of st...

In the business environment the principl es of sustainable business are being progressively more respected. These are activ ities that contribute to minimizing costs, reduction of the load on the environment and take into account social aspects in the company. The main result of this pape r is Quality index of regional business environment, which helped to create the rank of the different regions of Slovakia in the examined area.