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At present one has quite a good knowledge of lithospheric plate movement that occurs along such large living fractures as San Andreas in California, North Anatolian in Turkey and others. At the rest of the earth’s territory rock mass for the most part seem to be a static and motionless medium. However, as investigations show, even at small rock mass areas deformation processes of different period and amplitude take place. Such processes that occur in the earth’s crust are connected with a serious risk for obje...

Development of the engineering infrastructure pays a bigger attention on the utilizing of new construction fields. Significant risks are concealed in the construction of the buildings, structures, roads and railroads on the grounds, which had not been an object of the engineering and geological researches. It is possible to arise disadvantageous effects for the construction. Karst fields in Bulgaria hide many potential dangers if engineering and geological researches are insufficient. The object of the present wor...

For increasing the endurance of bucket wheel excavators’ teeth dipper, used in brown coal open pits from Oltenia, were made theoretic researches and experiments finalized with the accomplishment of new dippers and teeth more reliable and more cheeper, which are used according to mechanic characteristics of brown coal and dead-ground from the working faces.

An accidental pollution by hydrocarbon occurred in the zone of the Lake Snagov, about 30 km North of Bucharest. As a consequence, five study wells were made for the purpose of this study, covering the zone possibly affected by pollution. Pumping test were carried out, providing the order of magnitude for the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Calibration of a 3D groundwater flow numerical model was made both in natural and pumping conditions. Several variants for placing new wells were studied. Based on the fl...

The idea of underground coal gasification is connected with the name of Mendeleev 120 years ago. But its practical realization starts during the 30th years of the previous century and continues up to now. There is not any technical or technological problem to perform gasification as a method of processing hard household wastes. In combination with recycling of part of the wastes and utilization of gaseous products of gasification for energy production, this method could be very effective and attractive. If we supp...

Temporary rail ways in open cast mines influence by the accepted speed for the trains. They have influence on the most important indicator of heavy mining mechanization – the productivity of excavators – stope and mounding. This problem has been always underestimated because a priori has been accepted the dependence between the accepted speed and productivity. This research proves another type of functional dependence – fraction-lineal.

Mine backfill can be defined as the material or materials used for filling the underground openings created by the mining process in order to establish and retain safe working conditions. In this study, an overview of the current application of mining operations with paste backfill technology has been examined with a case study from an underground copper-zinc mine located in the northeast Turkey. Due to the elimination of the harmful mine tailings obtained from mill processing and hence the reduced rehabilitation ...

In this paper we present the critical situation of four species of Gymnosperms (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Abies alba.) which can be found in areas of industrial zone from Bicaz District, Romania. The pollutants are mainly solid: lime and cement dust. Our investigation it is about the physiological and histo – anatomical modifications of the leaves (needles). We want to stress the fact that the large quantity of dry substance from the leaves isn’t always related to the distance from the pol...

During 2004, pluridisciplinary investigations have been devoted to the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the anthropized ecosystem developed in relation with the domestic litter hills at Tomesti, Iasi. Both abiotic (climate, soil, air) and biotic (talobyontes, chormobyontes, phytophagous invertebrata) parameters have been recorded. The results showed that the urban wastes deposit has a complex impact upon the environment: air pollution with odours and dust, soil pollution with heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu)...

The concept of labour occupation has know different approaches, developments, completions, contradictory opinions, pointing out a high degree of complexity. To begin with, occupation is a means, labour being a fundamental factor of any development. Then, a lasting development cannot be acquired through waste. In the third way, lasting development is undoubtedly connected to the amount of the income. Finally, environment protection is a field necessary to any economy; as economic development bears fruit, jobs conne...

The importance of the influence of temporary rail ways is deduced on the most essential indicator in open cast mining – the productivity of heavy mining mechanization and it is shown how this can be used in practice and through organizing the whole mining process. Also it can be used when corrections through the exploitation of the mine are needed.

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

It was considered the physical bases of tides. The accent is on the influence of tides over gravimetric measurements. It was accent on the Moon too as a basic planet made tides. It was shown an entire and complete technology for computation of tidal correction and it is applied for real gravimetric measurements. Here was made analysis and conclusions with practical purpose.

The Sabzevar ophiolite is a highly dismembered ophiolite complex located along the northern boundary of the Central Iranian Microcontinet (CIM) and is one of the internal groups of ophiolites and colored melange. The area has various lithological units that are the cause of Sabzevar colored melange zone. There are many chromite pods in the area but the high topography and mountainous condition and inability to trace the hidden lenses, many of them are not explored yet. A mathematical- genetic model could be helpfu...

The mine production is an inflex point of industry due to the fact that the work is conducted in an environment with abruptly changing parameters and at great depths, where the laws of physics are valid through their exceptions. Under these conditions, the main controlling factor is the mine-geological and technological information. Its management is the basis of the modern mine production.

The optimal numbers of runs of a train in open cast mine is one of the most important technical indicators, on which the work of rail transport in mines is evaluated. A functional dependence between the optimum number of runs of a train and the accepted speed on temporary rail ways in a mine is deduced.

All the specialists in open cast mines which are equipped with technological railway transport know that the transporting process has underlined optional character. This is based on several factors. One of them is the levels intensity of possibility of transportation process to be done without any exceptions. The report is on the principles, on which the levels of intensity can be defined.

Twelve of the numerous methodological problems are represented. They appear in the development of the automated systems for control of the mine works at open mines; if these problems are not reported the work of the system can be compromised partially of totally. Shortly those problems could be formulated as follows: 1.The mine is not considered like a system; 2.A management of the model; 3.Hierarchy of proposes and limitations; 4.The depot – a solution or a problem; 5.Attention: literally performance; 6.In prob...

The former mine Obr\'ancЕЇ M\'\iru and its inner dump is the area of interest situated in the North-bohemian Brown Coal Basins at the North-western border of the Czech Republic. In the course of the mine opening and continuous operation the hydrogeological conditions of the outer environment were significantly impacted or totally changed by previous long-term, first underground, later opencast coal mining. At the turn of the 20th and 21st century abundant effluents of underground waters with low pH and high conten...

The Environment, Agricultural and Urban management is of valuable importance for Bulgaria, because of the following: п‚· Bulgaria is at transition period now with rapid changes in all fields related to environment, agriculture and urban; п‚· The adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU by Bulgaria will require precise planning of the agriculture which include knowledge about the soil types and structure, relief characteristics, crop and field statistics, yield forecasting, pests management and other al...

The ionosphere is the upper part of the Earth atmosphere, starting at an altitude of about 50 km. It consists of free electrons and ions, mainly generated through solar radiation. GPS observations are delayed within the ionosphere, since it is a dispersive medium for electromagnetic waves. The range error caused by the ionosphere at the GPS operation frequency L1 can reach a few tens of meters. This effect is as a first approximation proportional to the so-called Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) along the ray p...

The good functionality (applicability) of a geodetic point can be characterized by its compatibility. Compatibility of a geodetic point can be defined by the 2D or 3D geometric coincidence between (Jakub 2001, Jakub-Sabova 2004): a) the immaterial point given by coordinates for a geodetic point in a reference frame; b) the material point defined by the physical mark of this geodetic point. These two points should be geometrically identical in horizontal plane (2D) or space position (3D). They have but really diffe...

While analyzing and managing the mining production we are leading not by the mine itself, as an object, but mainly by its model. In that case every taken decision will be workable only if we have a realistic model, completly describing every specifications and characteristic of the mine. In the article we will describe mine modeling algorithms and some requirements of mine computer modeling too.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of a coal sample from the mine CSA for bacterial leaching. Laboratory research used a pure bacterial culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans . The results showed that bacterial leaching was effective, with a one month leaching time, when 68\% of total sulphur and 68\% of pyritic sulphur was leached. The paper describes changes to the pyrite during and after bacterial leaching.

Expenses for maintenance of mine roads at any moment depend on volumes of road surface, needed for laying at the same moment, to transform roads into a usable condition. A method is presented for their quantitative determination toward a series of consecutive moments and principles of statistical modeling are applied for determining the regularities of change of expenses with the time.

One of the main factors that has a great influence over mining production is ore quality management. What is the goal of the real management – forming optimal structures with determinated quality, keeping their quality level during the extractive works and consumption controlling. All these are based on delibaretely influence over different conditions, factors and other specifications of surveying, production preparation, final extraction and procession. The real quality management is focused mainly on mine tran...

This paper deals with a variety of projects and parameters that we had to deal with as we participated – contributed to the 2004 Olympic Games infrastructures providing blast consulting services. The most in number and also most characteristic examples of specific management, that we were required to deal with and implement, were in the wider area of Athens (Attica), which is the main City of the Olympics. Many of the projects had to be accomplished through blasting, though there were archaeological finds and st...

A method for landslide investigation, based on the deformations-theory and on the finite elements method, is proposed. The practical application of the method for a real object – the landslide near Orsoja is shown. The main priorities of the deformation analysis in comparison with the mass applicated in the practice moving observation are shown.

This study is about the investigation of socio-economic factors in order to enhance preservation of prominent Basin and Lake Regions. The ongoing joint research and development project in Kucukcekmece Basin, Istanbul, aims to implement an environmental master plan for the region and to establish a coordination department which includes coordination of municipality, government institutions and NGOs each other. In addition, monitoring of the water resources within the basin is an important point of the project. Kucu...

This paper focuses on the potential environmental benefits afforded by use of paste backfill technology when tailings are sulfide-bearing and provides a case study chosen from an underground mine in north-east Turkey in order to illustrate these benefits. Additionally, it includes discussions on different slump values with varying cement contents under 28-day uniaxial compressive strength tests for mine tailings and determines the rheological properties of mine tailings with respect to paste production.

Experimental modeling with the aim of elucidation of the geochemical behaviour of heavy metal pollutants (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe) and As during interphase processes in metallurgy contaminated area are carried out in 3 aspects: I. Water-soil interaction chemical simulation: 3D –lixiviation of soils and acid rain impact modeling, revealing consequences for a secondary remobilization and increasing the environmental risk for groundwater, vegetables, etc. II. Sorption ability of soils with fixing possibilities, ...

It’s proposed a processing of information the condition of rocks-pliable support system to be introduced by means of statistical methods.A concrete example is adduced. The possibilities of such consideration on the basis of mining conditions obtained data are pointed out.

As a part of the national project for the development of sustainable water resources, the geochemical studies on an alluvial aquifer system developed in the vicinity of the Nakdong River were carried out for the feasibility study of river bank filtration in Korea. Through the river bank filtration, we intend to secure the sustainable water resources by increasing river water quality polluted from industrialization and preventing an excessive groundwater extraction from alluvial aquifer with defining the most optim...

World Summit for Sustainable Development (WSSD) in 2002 in Johannesburg formulated approaches to ensure geographi\'\ical information support of the tasks formulated in Action Plan of WSSD. Author of the paper understands sustainable development as a set of equel and necessary aspects: ecological, economical, technological, social, cultural and ethical. The paper is giving overview of existing global and regional (especially Europen) initiatives and projects which all together should be part of sustainable developm...

An option is discussed for creating goal functions for optimizing the expenses for maintenance and repair of mine roads by the means of hyperbolic functions. A transition is presented of the selected hyperbolic functions to a function of decimal liner character and the goal functions are solved parametrically for main betweenrepair schemes.

The degree of toxic metals contamination in water, vegetables and respective soils in the studied area - KCM Smelter site - Plovdiv-Assenovgrad is evaluated in individual and integral aspects. The analytical measurements were performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), Jobin Yvon ULTIMA 2. The analysis lines in the determination of impurities were selected in view of spectral interference. Ground, surface, waste - water and some corresponding soil samples were investigated for m...

Brown coal is the only significant domestic fossil raw material, without which the Czech Republic would become fully dependent on energy sources import. More than 70 \% of mined brown coal comes from North Bohemian Basin these days. Open cast brown coal mining has lead to large damage on the landscape. That is why the reclamation work has become important on principle recently. The technology of reclamation passed through qualitative development within the past twenty years. The construction of mine dumps has been...

The Internet management is not an open process, as well as there is a lack of an information flow, where one could benefit from the information using speed,but not from hiding and misusing the latter. To appear through Internet in front of the professor for a diploma or face to face as a half-wit after electroning training. An ecologyc way of life as a balance between the two opportunities. Is the Internet a public space?Who is Internet?

Titanium; the ninth mose abundant element, occurs in nature mainly as ilmenite (95\%) and rutile (5\%). Ilmenite is an economically important mineral. Ilmenite forms as a primary mineral in mafic igneous rocks and is concentrated into layers by a process called “magmatic segregation”. It crystallises out of magma relatively early before most of the other minerals. As a result, the heavier crystals of ilmenite fall to the bottom of the magma chamber and collect in layers. It is these layers that constitute a ri...

Kestanbol granitoid, one of the post-collision granitoids outcropping in Northwestern Anatolia, takes place as a pluton in the southern of \cCanakkale that approximately N-S trending and within a great tectonic belt. This tectonic belt, named Sakarya Continent, is bordered with Intra Pontide Suture in the NorthAern part and Izmir-Ankara Suture in the Southern part. Kestanbol granitoid intruded into crustal meta-sedimentary rocks by hot-contact and it is surrounded by contact metamorphic aureole. Kestanbol granitoi...

This paper presents the results of magnetic separation tests for the recovery of colemanite from the ore and the tailings produced in Kestelek (Turkey) Processing Plant. Crushed ore (30.76\% B2O3) and tailings (31.76\% B2O3) samples were wet screened and classified into different size fractions. Size fractions coarser than 75 $\mu$m were subjected to three-stage magnetic separation using a high intensity permanent magnetic separator. The mineralogical composition of the ore and the tailings appears to enable gangu...

Development of information technologies for the recent years converted the information into a powerful resource, providing more and more various spheres of production. And the new methods of acquiring, managing and saving different types of information created the information systems. Geoinformation systems (GIS) unite a vigorous mechanism for layered information acquiring, separated to two major information flows, respectively - spatial and descriptive, with absolutely automated functional relations. GIS has a co...

This work shows presents an overview of the basic morphological techniques and some of their applications to important tasks in geosciences including radar image segmentation and despeckling, object detection on aerial photographs, analysis of images of bore holes etc.

An attempt is developed for a new view on the issues of mine auto-roads in opencast mining in consideration of modern tendencies and consequences, accepted as irrevocable requirements. Important directions are outlined for studies and investigations.

According to the valid Slovenian legislation the mineral raw materials are numbered among the natural resources that are part of natural goods important for satisfying Man’s material and spiritual needs and interests ( Art. 5 of Environment protection law). In this sense the mineral raw materials represent a specific category of goods that are not free to be appropriated by somebody. They are the ownership of the state, and they can be extracted only under a special permission – the concession. The ownership o...

Expenditure for repair and maintenance of mine auto-roads in opencast mining is neither planned nor managed. There are opportunities for significant reduction of those expenses in case regularities of change of expenses for current maintenance of are known and adequate between-repair schemes are applied.

With organizing the excavation tehnology of loose raw materials through the boreholes, considering the complexity of technological operation, the most important thing is to calculate technical-technological parameters of exploitation and to make an optimal selection of pump aggregate, pipe line and pulp line, and also to project and construct the equipment for drilling and obtaining of concrete deposit conditions since there is no serial production. Hydromonitor presents its most important part that forms and dire...

Goal functions – economic-mathematical models for minimizing the average annual expenditure for repair and maintenance of mine roads are composed and solved. The models are composed of polynomial functions. Results are presented from the practice of mines “Vitren” EAD and “Opencast mining” – Pernik, EAD.