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During the last years there is a globalization of the informative treasure of the planet. The informative structures have been combining on social and even continental levels. International informative servers have been created already. Their ability for online usage and administration extremely easy the work of different professional groups. In this connection the geology data has to be qualified as vital and strategic one and respectively the designing of National, Regional Geological servers – for a prime tas...

The North part of Kashmar is located 250 Km South-west of Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. It is a part of Darouneh Fault zone and contains rhyolitic, andesitic pyroclastic and lava flow. The geometry of Kashmar strike-slip fault has been reviewed and described. From the data obtained it appears that fault geometry (the distribution of shear fractures such as R,R,ЩЋP surfaces, Riedel structures) plays an important role in controlling the location and emplacement of mineralization of gold and copper ore deposits. The Ri...

The environmental problems arisen from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discussed frequently in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry etc. where blasting operations are unavoidable. So the ground vibration effects induced by blasting on structures and human beings need to be predicted, monitored, and controlled. With the increase of the environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations nearby residents, there is also an increasing necessity to...

Many production open-spaces and slopes is occurred during or after both production and overburden stripping in coal open pit mines. Under these different conditions sometimes slope stability problems in pit embakments may occur resulting loss of money. In this article the design principles and range of instability of such embakments are introduced. The purpose of this study is to exhibit the methods of field rehabilitation and measures taking in to consideration against possible slope instability.

In recent years, use of paste backfill has evolved from an experimental backfill method with limited application to a technically viable and economically attractive alternative. This is primarily due to the development of dewatering and transportation systems that allow for controlled and consistent production and delivery of paste in a cost-effective manner. In addition, it has been recognized that underground backfill provides for a mechanism to safely dispose of mine wastes such as tailings, which results in co...

The trace elements in the main sulphide and sulphate minerals in coal were determined. Coals with different degree of coalification (ranging from lignite to subbituminous) from three important Bulgarian coal basins – Maritza East, Pernik and Balkan have been investigated. Heavy liquids and hand picking under a binocular stereomicroscope were applied to concentrate the sulphur-bearing minerals present in coal. Trace elements in them were detected by inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP...

Kolubara opencast mines are the biggest producer of coal in Yugoslavia. Current production is about 26 million ton per year from four mines. Probable reserves are about 2,6 billions, what is 19\% of total coal reserves in Yugoslavia Within coal open-pit mining activities in basin of Kolubara there are about 515 hectares (ha) of soil degraded by waste dumps that require recultivation. The paper gives a review of the areas at each coal mine to undergo recultivation in the forthcoming period. It also presents prepara...

The methodology currently in use that is approved by the Ministry of Environment and Waters in “ Methodological guidance for the scope and content of reports on past contamination damages at privatization” (1998) does not provide opportunity to assess impacts on landscape that are the main geo-ecological damages typical for opencast mining. In the present paper methodological approaches based on theoretical formulations and practical experience adopted both nationally and internationally related to assessment ...

It has become lucid, explicit and quite intelligible in the latest years that blast design and materialization cannot only be the «empirical relation between blaster and rock». This «relation» is ruled by scientific knowledge and know – how and also by technological developments. It is quite necessary to embody to our experience and practical knowledge, the up –to – date technological developments and the available know – how. That is if we do want our efforts to be more productive, safer and with the ...

“The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehabilitation Project” which started seven years ago in an attempt to solve the traffic congestion in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey is still going on as planned. The project involves the rehabilitation and shortening of the present motorway and hence the construction of new tunnels and riprap material for filling the sea are required in some places. By the completion of this project, a considerable amount of time spent on highway will be saved and will probably lead to a re...

A real problem of coal transport and storing is discussed. Contemporary technical solutions of coal dust suppression systems with spray for belt conveyors and outdoor discharges or coal stores are analysed. Technical decisions for decreasing of small dust particles concentration bellow the permissible norm are proposed.

Uranium mineral base of the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of those leading in the world and its development perspectives are huge. Computer-aided projecting system of uranium in-situ leaching mine is based on optimized mathematical models under several criteria. For operational and constant control of all uranium ISL technological subsystems condition it was worked out computerized system flowchart consisting of four hierarchical levels, each of which is responsible for control task applicable to those levels. Com...

The paper treats one new for Bulgaria and for the developed countries problem – designing and creating of an Unified Mining-Technological Data Base. Passing from a chaotic mining production to one strategic directed undertaking, conformable to the environmental protection, is a process based on several main steps: 1. Defining the technological objects; 2. Defining the in-out informative data streams; 3. Defining of layers and logical connections; 4. Combining the all previous steps to one Unified mining-technolo...

In this study, batch agglomeration tests were conducted with Zonguldak bituminous coal to determine the effects of kerosene concentration, pH and salt concentration. In the evaluation of experimental results, the turbidity values were used. In the experiments, oil concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20\% by weight were used. The low turbidity values were obtained at oil concentration of 20\% by weight. Between pH 3 and 11, the change of the turbidity values were investigated. At the low and high pH values, turbidity v...

The termination of mining and processing of uranium ores lead to either conservation or liquidation of uranium industry projects in a lot of countries, including Bulgaria. The liquidation of uranium industry is a problem of interdisciplinary character where problems of medicine, dosimetry radiochemistry, radio-physics, management, economics and engineering interface. All these topics define the radio-ecological engineering as a part of ecology divided into two main branches: recreation at technogenically elevated ...

Paper has show explorations of negative causes of underground coal gasification impacts to environment. Also is given view on importance of exploration on conquering technology of underground coal gasification in concrete deposit conditions.

The National Agency for Mineral Resources (NAMR) is the competent authority that is responsible on behalf of the Government of Romania to manage Romania’s mineral resources and to enforce the provisions of the Mining Law and related regulation concerning the prospecting, exploration, exploitation and capitalization of mineral resources deposits. NAMR has the obligation to monitoring the application of the measures established with regard to the protection of the soil and subsoil during and after the mining activ...

With the general trend toward larger blasts in mining, ground vibration and air blast problems and complaints have significantly increased. With increasing environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations upon nearby residents, there is an increasing need to be able to design cautious blasting with greater precision. Therefore, determination of maximum amount of explosive per delay for a certain distance especially in large blasts is of great importance for the elimination of t...

Surface mining of mineral resources enables massive excavation, but results in extensive degradations of a specific area, either in non-reclaimed state, or left with a significant change in the purpose for which this land can be used. It is also important that certain mineral resources that were previously dumped as overburden can, due to changes in economic conditions, frequently become a valuable raw material. In this paper, the possibilities for exploitation of the piled technical stone in the former surface ba...

One of fundamental dependence for estimation of metals ISL process effectiveness is working solution productivity function of block operation time. As a rule, that dependence is set by test at pilot site before the whole deposit exploitation. Other way to set that dependence consists of uranium ISL, kinetics known differential equations solving, which still does not give reliable results. The report offers experimental analytical method of that task - solution based just on one experimental dependence – uranium ...

The methane is a main component of the natural gas and combines the chemical inertia and physical mobility thus it is unusual ecological fuel. Natural gas is transported by gas pipeline and a lot of possibilities for it’s storage are offered. It’s a main precondition for the sustain energy supply. Analogy in gas and electricity supply system makes a trend to convergence in both sectors in energy. The report gives a model for Energy Transport System integrated a gas and electrical grid. This is condition for sa...

In the reports are considered the problems of analytical description the processes of geomigration of pollution of underground waters and building up the special system of hydrogeological researches as a part of general system of geoecological monitoring . The basic mathematical models of a filtration and masstransfer are considered and analysed which can be used for exposition of migration of hydrocarbons in underground waters.

GIS had been put in to application in 1987 in Istanbul Big City Municipality in Turkey. Since then, during the last 15 years, it has gained a wide application fields all over the country. In the other big city municipalities, and the other city municipalities which are belong to the big cities, and also in independent municipality organizations, GIS application has been widely started to form up fast. Additionally, in the institutions which are belong to government such as National GIS Project and National Land Re...

This work presents the recognitions for possible costs reduction of waste transport by conveyor system from the open pit “Veliki Krivelj” to the open pit “Bor” by the use of new dumping technology into the working excavation of the open pit “Bor”. Instead of previous used dumping technology connecting with bulldozers, a technology of direct dumping was discussed. The obtain results show that an important costs reduction of waste transport and dumping is possible from 0,1035 \$/t to 0,0655 \$/t by the u...

The information question-answering (IQA-system) of geodynamic phenomena represents an automated system containing data base and electronic cards about various geodynamic phenomena, which take place on the area and in the mines of Kuznetsk Basin. IQA-system development is realized by means of modern information technologies with the purpose of systematizing and unifying the information about geodynamic phenomena. IQA-system of geodynamic phenomena consists of blocks which include data base and electronic cards of b...

We have searched and analyzed several modern technologies aiming at the best applications of environmental management, the studying of quarrying – mining as well as the excavation sites – utilization – rehabilitation. We have used long-range reflectorless laser surveying systems, so as to achieve the fastest and most accurate surveying of the extractive work sites. We also used them, in order to collect field data, measure distances, surveying monitoring stations and environmental parameters – data. Furthe...

This paper describes the main principals and ideas for setting up the National Geological Server of the Ministry of Environment and Water (MEW), that will serve not only to present the main activities in the field of geology, prospecting, exploration and exploitation of underground resources in Bulgaria, but also to present to the public available collected geological information by the means and popularity of the Internet technologies. As National, the geological server will present Bulgaria and will be part of t...

India is a growing economy with sizeable industrialisation and mining sector. About 500 million tons of minerals are produced in the country annually with 80 \% of coal. Almost entire quantity of industrial minerals are coming from open cast mining. Indian population is more than one billion which is 16 \% of world population residing only in fortieth part of the global area. There is no doubt the environment is of greatest relevance to India. Indian economy is based on Agriculture, which can not grow without ampl...

This paper analyses the “frame” of one mining-geological informative system. Here are examined the information as a resource, data bases, middle-tier and n-tier servers of information, text and graphical streams of data - and all that combined in a modern IT-technology, which is the needed key. The key that has not opened yet, the development in the mining production in Bulgaria and perhaps in other countries. The awful, for some “specialists”, words and terms as Database, Oracle, CAD,GIS, Layers and etc. ...

The Sar-Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit is located in southeastern Iran and is associated with diorite/granodiorite to quartzmonzonite of Miocene age. Copper mineralization was accompanied with both phyllic and potassic alteration. Three main mineralization related alteration episodes (potassic, transition, and phyllic alterations) have been studied in terms of mass transfer and element mobility during the hydrothermal evolution of the Sar-Cheshmeh deposit. In order to illustrate these changes quantitatively, iso...

The methodological assessment of the geological phenomena (geotopes, geosites) is an important step in judging their geoconservation significance. The present Expert Card provides a tentative test for assessment based on 16 common criteria: aesthetic, scientific, research, educational, ecological, entertainment, ethnographic, social and spiritual values, sense of place, possibility for inclusion in geopark, sensitivity, degree of study, preservation, exposure and access. The first 7 criteria are considered importa...

The paper acquaints us with the sphere of science photogrammetry, especially then with mining and digital photogrammetry. Using knowledge from this area of science a system FOTOM2001 was developed, which serves namely for measuring the profiles of vertical mining holes using photogrammetry, newly also for measuring the data in other areas (for example rentgenology). In the paper, the system is described along with its functions especially with respect to the newly added modules for measuring divergences of data an...

The basic task of computer tomography for reconstructing the body by its projections for an incomplete set of data is solved by using Radon’s retransformation and subsequent regularisation. The method proposed can be used successfully in geophysics and geotechnology.

Republican unitary enterprise (RUE) PA ”Belaruskaliy” is one of the most largest world producers of potassium fertilizers. Significant volumes of production expect a significant negative influence on the environment. This report has its aim a showing of the forms and methods of participation of mine surveying service of PA ”Belaruskaliy” in realization of program “Ecological politicians of enterprise”.

Mining sector, is closely related to natural environment, is different from other industrial operations. Many production open-spaces and slopes is occurred during or after both production and overburden stripping in coal open pit mines. Geometry of these open-spaces and slopes depend on overburden thickness, gratness of operation area and selected open pit technology. This, use and reclamtion of the area, is very significant for environmental assessment. The alternatives of different use for the area may be desing...

A simple method for determination of bearing strength of weak floor strata in underground mines has been evaluated based on physical modeling approach, with regards to plate loading test conducted on simulated floor strata. This paper presents plate size effect on floor bearing strength of coal measures strata. Plate loading tests were carried out for varying size and shape of footing plates. The analysis was made for model scale footing. The load exerted by the plate on the floor strata was assumed to be uniforml...

When carrying out the activities, related to the exploration, operation and processing of uranium ore in Bulgaria the environmental protection was not among the priorities. As a result of many years of industrial activity the technogenically increased natural radiation background in some regions has reached significant levels and the chemical pollutants has threatened the pools with clean water and the ground surface. The cessation of work for uranium mining and milling was done in a hurry, without preliminary pre...

The Zlataritsa river is located in the South-western part of Bulgaria and mouths into the Mesta river. The Zlataritsa river passes through Eleshnitsa settlement where mining sites for exploitation and treatment of uranium ore are located. This paper presents the river pollution of uranium and radium as a result of mining activities in the examined region. The data used are for three periods - during the complete productive engagement, during the technical liquidation and after the end of technical liquidation. The...

Mines being as unrenovated resources have to be operated where they deposit. Mining activities are inevitably carried out mostly at forests or cultivated lands and close to urban areas. Almost every facet of mining activity can create an undesirable visual impact. Reclamation of partially or totally destructed land by variety facilities should be taken into consideration before the beginning of mining and should also be put into reality in parallel with mining operation. Therefore, the cost and period of reclamati...

Under the effective legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Stratal underground waters after uranium mining from stratum-infiltration deposits subject to rehabilitation to initial state. In this connection, the 13- years test with respective monitoring of aquifer on Irkol deposit has been done. Observations have proved that ore-bearing aquifer area of about 20000 square meters is almost rehabilitated to its initial hydro-chemical state. To intensify strata waters restoration, method of forced solution drawing t...

The determination of the recoverable lignite layers requires the thorough knowledge of the lignite quality distribution in the site. The lignite quality is seriously affected by the inorganic impurities included either inside the lignite mass or/and in the thin intercalations coexcavated with lignite. The present study deals with the distribution of the lignite quality in the Southern Field Mine lignite deposit giving special attention to the energy content, the ash content and the CO2 content. Specific equations ...

The Moore-Penrose pseudoinversion method applied in solving systems of linear algebraic equations with incorrectly prescribed data lead to unstable solutions. This makes the method inapplicable in practice. The regularised version of that method is described which can be used as a basis for data processing in all branches of applied earth sciences.

The recognition of points of interest leads to the detection and consequent specification of the values of Xi and Yi coordinates. The result is a data file of the coordinates. The problem domain is divided into two parts. The first one includes the processing of graphic information, while the second concentrates on searching for the points and objects of interest.

The paper elaborates the risks of underground water contamination in the Slovakian Karst. First the geology of the area is given, then the hydrogeologic background is detailed. A number of measurements were taken in the vicinity of a crude oil pipeline that indicate the high risks of having the pipeline there. Lack of in-built monitoring system in the pipeline may increase the risk. Finally a GIS based monitoring system is proposed.

Decision making can be defined as a selection process of the best one among the alternatives sets in order to obtain goal, and mostly has an uncertain situation. Additionally, mostly linguistic variables (weak rock, massive ore deposit, etc.) become in question. Mine planning engineers often use of their intuition and experiences in decision making. As the fuzzy set theory was carried out since 1970, these uncertainties in question are easily evaluated in decision making process. Real world study is decision makin...

About two decades ago, in the land field of Orisovo village, situated on the west side of the town of Chirpan, by means of probes with depth over 280 to 380m, Eocenic Red Clays with big concentration of iron were found. Their thickness is more than 200 – 250m, and their padding, with depth over 600m is not reached. The base clay mineral is ilit. The process of sedimentation took place in considerably small but deep ancient lake by almost desert climate, in the middle of Eocene.

This article considers the application of selected mineral and chemical means, together with the preparation and supply technical equipment in mines in case of different natural hazards (massif instability, fire, methane or climate specific characteristics). It reviews the options for use of new mineral and chemical means for insulation of the heading walls, for gaps infill for strengthening purposes, for insulation of layer section in the corridors, for consolidation of rock cracks, for isolation of inoperative s...

As the complex ore quality of "Tenka" ore body in Majdanpek is similar to all mineralisations that are morphologically presented as irregular lenses and veins, it is necessary to introduce the technological process optimization applying the automatic control. The optimization conditions of the main operation parameters in grinding, flotating and dewatering are found in the research work in order to obtain the bulk concentrate with more than 53\% (Zn + Pb) and Cu less than 3.0\%. In the grinding process, some optim...

It is known that rhenium is easily accumulated in green leaves and plants, its amount in them exceeding many times its occurrence in the earth’s crust (7x10-8\%). We have established that rhenium is accumulated in the chlorophyll, preferably as Mg(ReO4)2. Laboratory experiments with green geranium (Pelargonium) planted in soil spiked with rhenium (1 mg Re per g of soil) reveal that in the first 7 days after the soil is spiked rhenium content in the leaves is 20 mg g-1 and after 21 days it is increased to 100 mg ...